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\u76ee\u6a19\u306e\u8aa4\u89e3<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u884c\u304f\u672b<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u6307\u6458\u306f\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u6210\u9577\u3068\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u4f4f\u5b85\u9700\u8981\u306b\u5341\u5206\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u958b\u767a\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5168\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u304c\u6025\u901f\u306b\u9032\u3080\u4e2d\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u3001\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u8005\u5c64\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u4f4f\u307f\u3084\u3059\u3044\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3084\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u6574\u5099\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3055\u3048\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6295\u8cc7\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u5c64\u3078\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u3084\u56fd\u5185\u6295\u8cc7\u5bb6\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3088\u308a\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u3065\u304f\u308a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u8cc7\u672c\u3092\u8a98\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30cf\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u6295\u8cc7\u3055\u308c\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002[35<\/a>] \u795e\u8a712\u30013\u30015\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u300c\u7f8e\u5316\u300d\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5360\u62e0\u8005\u3084\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u5c45\u4f4f\u8005\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u7acb\u3061\u9000\u304d\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u57f7\u7b46\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c2010\u5e74\u306e\u30ef\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30b9\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u30ba\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u30c0\u30fc\u30d0\u30f3\uff08\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\uff09\u3068\u30c7\u30ea\u30fc\uff08\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\uff09\u3067\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3092\u98fe\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3059\u3002[36<\/a>] \u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u8857\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u4e16\u754c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u304f\u3001\u307e\u3057\u3066\u3084\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u3084\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u4f4f\u5c45\u304c\u7686\u7121\u306e\u672a\u6765\u306e\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u60f3\u50cf\u5916\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6025\u901f\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e1\u30ac\u30b7\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5dee\u3057\u8feb\u3063\u305f\u61f8\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u6025\u901f\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u306e\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3084\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u5c64\u3068\u8ca7\u56f0\u5c64\u306e\u9593\u306e\u683c\u5dee\u304c\u7d99\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u306a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u30012007\u5e74\u30682008\u5e74\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u66b4\u52d5\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u3068\u98df\u6599\u4fa1\u683c\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304a\u3055\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002[37<\/a>] \u90fd\u5e02\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u884c\u304d\u8a70\u307e\u308a\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u3082\u90fd\u5e02\u3082\u540c\u3058\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u731b\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u52a0\u901f\u3059\u308b\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u9ad8\u7d1a\u89b3\u5149\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8cc7\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u958b\u767a\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u300d\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u7af6\u4e89\u5727\u529b\u306b\u5bb9\u8d66\u306a\u304f\u99c6\u308a\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a4\u30c7\u30aa\u30ed\u30ae\u30fc\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u60aa\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4ed6\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7af6\u4e89\u4e0a\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3092\u8ffd\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5360\u62e0\u5730\u57df\u306b\u66ae\u3089\u3059\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30ea\u30bc\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u597d\u307e\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u6697\u3044\u5074\u9762\u3092\u8c61\u5fb4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

2008\u5e74\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u682a\u5f0f\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u66b4\u843d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u898f\u5236\u7de9\u548c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5e02\u5834\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u306f\u63fa\u3089\u3044\u3060\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u9ad8\u6210\u9577\u3053\u305d\u304c\u8ca7\u56f0\u7de9\u548c\u3078\u306e\u6700\u3082\u8fc5\u901f\u304b\u3064\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u9053\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u6c11\u55b6\u5316\u3055\u308c\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5e02\u5834\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u8ecc\u9053\u306b\u7591\u554f\u3092\u5448\u3059\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u53cd\u8a3c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002[38<\/a>] \u6a29\u529b\u306e\u4e2d\u67a2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8f38\u51fa\u5fd7\u5411\u578b\u30fb\u6210\u9577\u4e3b\u5c0e\u578b\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u9006\u623b\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5b9f\u7684\u3067\u3082\u5b9f\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u67af\u6e07\u3055\u305b\u3001\u6c5a\u67d3\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u5c64\u3092\u643e\u53d6\u3059\u308b\u3001\u5236\u5fa1\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u306a\u3069\u4f55\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u3068\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u3067\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u6210\u679c\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u3067\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u9053\u3092\u5207\u308a\u958b\u304f\u304b\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8005\u306b\u59d4\u306d\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u306e\u50be\u5411\u3068\u90fd\u5e02\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u7d4c\u6e08\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u5168\u9762\u7684\u306b\u6539\u9769\u3057\u3001\u518d\u8003\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u3068\u540c\u3058\u65b9\u5411\u3067\u90fd\u5e02\u958b\u767a\u3092\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3092\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u518d\u7de8\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u30011996\u5e74\u306e\u30cf\u30d3\u30bf\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30a2\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c0\u306b\u660e\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u4f4f\u5c45\u3092\u300d\u3068\u300c\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u304c\u9032\u3080\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u306e\u958b\u767a\u300d\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002[39<\/a>]<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] William Shakespear, <\/span>King Lear<\/em>, Act IV, Scene 1. The words are spoken by the blinded and suicidal Earl of Gloucester as he hands a purse to the naked madman, \u2018Poor Tom\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2] Planet of Slums<\/em>, pp. 201-202.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3] Charles J. Stokes, \u2018A Theory of Slums\u2019, Land Economics<\/em>, Vol 38 no. 5, August 1962; Peter Lloyd, Slums of Hope? Shanty towns of the Third World<\/em>, Manchester University Press, 1979.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4] Oscar Lewis, Five Families; Mexican Case Studies In The Culture Of Poverty<\/em>, 1959.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5] For example, see Stewart Brand, \u2018How slums can save the planet\u2019, Prospect<\/em>, 27th January 2010.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6] Lebbeus Woods, \u2018Slums: The Problem\u2019, 8th January 2008, www.lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7] In 2003, the United Nations gave an operational definition of a slum for international usage in terms of the following characteristics: inadequate access to safe water; inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure; poor structural quality of housing; overcrowding; insecure residential status. See Challenge of Slums<\/em>, pp. 10-13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8] Alan Gilbert, \u2018The Return of the Slum: Does Language Matter?\u2019, op cit, pp. 704-708.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9] According to figures in The<\/em> Challenge of Slums<\/em>, 2003. See A. Gilbert, ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10] World Bank and UN-HABITAT, Cities Alliance for Cities Without Slums: Global Action Plan for Moving Slum Upgrading to Scale<\/em>, (undated – assumed 1999); see also United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), UN-HABITAT\u2019s Strategy for the Implementation of the Millennium Development Goal 7, (Target 11: \u201cBy 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers\u201d)<\/em>, Nairobi, 2005.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11] Marie Huchzermeyer, \u2018How to improve the lives of 100 million slum dwellers by 2020\u2019, UN Chronicle<\/em>, 1st July 2006.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12] Marie Huchzermeyer, \u2018Slums law based on flawed interpretation of UN goals\u2019, Business Day<\/em> (South Africa), 19th May 2008.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13] Marie Huchzermeyer, \u2018Uplift slums, don\u2019t destroy them\u2019, The Mercury<\/em> (South Africa), 12th July 2007. See also Alan Gilbert, op cit, p. 708.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14] Marie Huchzermeyer, \u2018How to improve the lives of 100 million slum dwellers by 2020\u2019, op cit. Professor Alan Gilbert at University College London also notes: \u201cIf the key problem to be addressed is to improve the quality of people\u2019s housing, then a campaign entitled \u2018In search of better shelter\u2019 would be much more accurate and honest. Most importantly, it would represent a reasonable goal and would not convey the negative images evoked by the use of the word \u2018slum\u2019. \u2018Better shelter\u2019 suggests a progression: that housing problems are so complicated and deep seated that they cannot easily be resolved, let alone eliminated. Improving shelter does not demand the end of \u2018slums\u2019, which is unachievable, but to produce better housing conditions, which is. The danger with the term \u2018cities without slums\u2019 is that it is just a slogan; rhetoric that carries with it an empty promise.\u201d See Alan Gilbert, op cit, p. 709.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15] see UN-HABITAT\u2019s Strategy for the Implementation of the MDG 7, Target 11<\/em>, Nairobi, 25th November 2005.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16] Amnesty International, \u2018Slums: Human Rights Live Here\u2019<\/em>, Briefing Paper, May 2009; see also Irene Khan, The Unheard Truth: Poverty and Human Rights<\/em>, Amnesty International, 2009, p. 161. Note: the forecast of 1.4 billion slum-dwellers by 2020 was made in the UN-HABITAT report State of the World’s Cities 2006\/7<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17] The latest State of the World Cities report acknowledges the many conceptual problems with the Millennium Development Goal on slums, concluding that the \u201cslum target\u201d was achieved ten years early only because it was set too low at the outset. See UN-HABITAT, State of the World\u2019s Cities 2010\/2011: Bridging The Urban Divide<\/em>, Earthscan, March 2010, pp. 45-49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18] Ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19] Somsook Boonyabancha, \u2018Baan Mankong: Going to Scale with \u201cSlum\u201d and Squatter Upgrading in Thailand\u2019, op cit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20] UN-HABITAT, State of the World\u2019s Cities 2010\/2011: Bridging The Urban Divide<\/em>, Earthscan, March 2010, p. 40.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[21] The Challenge of Slums.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[22] For example, see Alex Kirby, \u2018Slum growth \u2018shames the world\u2019\u2019, BBC News<\/em>, 6th October 2003; John Vidal, \u2018Every third person will be a slum dweller within 30 years, UN agency warns: Biggest study of world\u2019s cities finds 940 million already living in squalor\u2019, The Guardian<\/em>, 4th October 2003.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[xxiii] UN-HABITAT, State of the World’s Cities 2006\/7: The Millennium Development Goals and Urban Sustainability – 30 Years of Shaping the Habitat Agenda<\/em>, Earthscan, London, 2006, p. vi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[24] For example, in a statement given by Mrs Anna Tibaijuka on World Habitat Day 2008, she said: \u201c[One] historic turning point is that the number of urban slum-dwellers worldwide has broken the 1 billion mark, making it clear that the urbanization of poverty is arguably one of the biggest challenges facing development today.\u201d See UN-HABITAT, \u2018Statement of the Executive Director of UN-HABITAT, Mrs. Anna Tibaijuka on the occasion of World Habitat Day 2008\u2019, 9th October 2008, www.unhabitat.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[25] State of the World\u2019s Cities 2010\/2011<\/em>, op cit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[26] For a short critique of the World Bank\u2019s global poverty statistics, see Adam Parsons, \u2018World Bank Poverty Figures: What Do They Mean?\u2019, Share The World\u2019s Resources, 15th September 2008, www.stwr.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[27] Rasna Warah, \u2018UN-HABITAT\u2019s Slum Estimates: Fact or Fiction?\u2019, unpublished article, 23rd April 2010.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[28] In a personal communication with the Press & Media Relations Unit at UN-HABITAT in April 2010, clarification was sought on why the total number of slum-dwellers in the developing world had changed so markedly in comparision to previous statistics. A reply was promised from the chief statitician of the Global Urban Observatory Section (GUO) under the City Monitoring Branch, but despite several further requests it was never forthcoming.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[29] David Satterthwaite, The under-estimation of urban poverty in low- and middle-income nations<\/em>, International Institute for Environment and Development, Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas Series: Working Paper 14, April 2004.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[30] According to The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010; \u201c…in absolute terms, the number of slum dwellers in the developing world is actually growing, and will continue to rise in the near future. The progress made on the slum target has not been sufficient to offset the growth of informal settlements in the developing world… Redoubled efforts will be needed to improve the lives of the growing numbers of urban poor in cities and metropolises across the developing world.\u201d See pp. 62-3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31] State of the World\u2019s Cities 2010\/2011: Bridging The Urban Divide<\/em>, op cit, p. 42.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32] Squatter <\/em>Citizen, p. 301.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[33] cf. Squatter Citizen<\/em>, p. 60.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[34] United Nations, The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010<\/em>, New York, pp. 62-3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[35] cf. UN-HABITAT, State of the World’s Cities 2006\/7: The Millennium Development Goals and Urban Sustainability – 30 Years of Shaping the Habitat Agenda<\/em>, Earthscan, London, 2006.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[36] Richard Lapper, \u2018Poor cry foul over World Cup in Durban\u2019, Financial Times,<\/em> 7th June 2010; Jason Burke, \u2018\u2018Shining India\u2019 makes its poor pay price of hosting Commonwealth Games\u2019, The Guardian<\/em>, 11th July 2010. In a report on the Commonwealth Games in Delhi, it was estimated that 100,000 familes had already been evicted due to Games-related projects by June 2010, and a further 30,000-40,000 familes were estimated to be displaced before the Games commenced in October. It stated: \u201cThe goal of portraying Delhi as a \u2019world class\u2019 city and an international sports destination, has led the Indian government – both at the state and central level – to lose sight of its priorities and legal and moral commitments to its people.\u201d See Shalini Mishra, Shivani Chaudhry and Miloon Kothari, The 2010 Commonwealth Games: Whose Wealth? Whose Commons?<\/em>, Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN),\u00a0 13th June 2010.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[37] cf. Eric Holt-Gim\u00e9nez, The World Food Crisis: What\u2019s behind it and What we can do about it<\/em>, Food First, Policy Brief No. 16, October 2008.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[38] For example, see David Woodward and Andew Simms, Growth Isn\u2019t Working: The Unbalanced Distribution of Benefits and Costs from Economic Growth<\/em>, New Economics Foundation, January 2006.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[39] The Habitat Agenda is the main political document that came out of the Habitat II conference in Istanbul, Turkey, 3rd to 14th June 1996. Adopted by 171 countries, it contains over 100 commitments and 600 recommendations on human settlements issues. See also Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements: General Assembly resolutions 51\/177 of 16 December 1996 and 53\/242 of 28 July 1999.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Link to full report [pdf]: The Seven Myths of ‘Slums’ – Challenging Popular Prejudices About the World’s Urban Poor<\/a><\/p>\n

Link to landing page to view other chapters<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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