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\n

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\u56fd\u5185\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3001\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3088\u308a\u3080\u3057\u308d\u4f55\u5341\u5e74\u3082\u306e\u9593\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u7949\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u5f31\u4f53\u5316\u3055\u305b\u8ca7\u56f0\u3068\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u6fc0\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u8ffd\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u4e00\u63e1\u308a\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u3088\u308b\u898f\u5236\u306e\u306a\u3044\u5bcc\u306e\u5275\u51fa\u306e\u4fc3\u9032\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3057\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u6210\u9577\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u793e\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u3088\u308a\u516c\u5e73\u306b\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3046\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u7949\u3068\u5fc5\u8981\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u516c\u5171\u652f\u51fa\u3092\u7dca\u7e2e\u653f\u7b56\u304c\u5287\u7684\u306b\u524a\u6e1b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56fd\u3005\u3067\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8755\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e2\u306b\u5927\u5909\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u6240\u5f97\u3068\u5bcc\u3092\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3059\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u758e\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3057\u304b\u8a00\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306e\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001OECD\u52a0\u76df\u56fd\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u8ca7\u56f0\u7387\u306f10\u5e74\u9593\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30012008\u5e74\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u5f8c\u3001\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u60aa\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002[3] \u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u304a\u304a\u3088\u305d\u534a\u5206\u304c1\u65e52\u30c9\u30eb\u672a\u6e80\u3067\u751f\u304d\u5ef6\u3073\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u3067\u306f10\u5104\u4eba\u8db3\u3089\u305a\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u98e2\u9913\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002[4] \u540c\u6642\u306b\u30013\u5104\u4eba\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u969c\u5bb3\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u6bce\u5e7430\u4e07\u4eba\u304c\u751f\u547d\u3092\u5931\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002[5] \u5168\u4f53\u3067\u6bce\u5e74\u53435\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u304c\u4e3b\u306b\u6804\u990a\u4fa1\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u98df\u7ce7\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u533b\u7642\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u304d\u308c\u3044\u306a\u98f2\u307f\u6c34\u3068\u885b\u751f\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6bce\u65e5\u8d77\u3053\u308b4\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u4e88\u9632\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u6b7b\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002[6]<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u6700\u3082\u7dca\u6025\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3078\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u6a5f\u95a2\u3068\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u6539\u9769\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6311\u6226\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e83\u304f\u8003\u616e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u52d9\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u5fa9\u65e7\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u304a\u304a\u3088\u305d\u5168\u5074\u9762\u304c \u2013 \u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u63a1\u53d6\u3001\u751f\u7523\u3001\u5206\u914d\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304b\u3089\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u4f01\u696d\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u3068\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u6848\u306b\u632f\u308b\u3046\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u307e\u3067\u3000\u2013\u3000\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u304c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u65ac\u65b0\u306a\u5909\u9769\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u306e\u3092\u5f85\u3066\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u7dca\u6025\u306b\u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u751f\u547d\u306e\u6551\u51fa\u3068\u6975\u5ea6\u306e\u5265\u596a\u306e\u6839\u7d76\u3078\u306e\u52c7\u6c17\u3042\u308b\u4e00\u6b69\u3092\u8e0f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3053\u306e\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u306b\u5927\u3044\u306b\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff11\uff1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4fc3\u9032\u3055\u308c\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3001\u5730\u57df\u7684\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u3068\u518d\u5206\u914d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u5305\u62ec\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3068\u77e5\u8b58\u304b\u3089\u304a\u91d1\u3068\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u307e\u3067\u5168\u3066\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u53ca\u3073\u975e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u306e\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u970a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4eba\u3005\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u56fd\u9023\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u4fc3\u9032\u3055\u308c\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3001\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u3068\u518d\u5206\u914d\u306e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u304c\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u5171\u901a\u5229\u76ca\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u3001\u6280\u8853\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306f\u307e\u3060\u305d\u306e\u521d\u671f\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u3044\u3048\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4eba\u3005\u3068\u56fd\u5bb6\u9593\u306e\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u9023\u5e2f\u611f\u3068\u7d50\u675f\u611f\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8868\u308f\u308c\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u52d5\u54e1\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n

\u3053\u306e\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u7dca\u7e2e\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u7834\u68c4\u3057\u3001\u547d\u3092\u8105\u304b\u3059\u5265\u596a\u3092\u9632\u304e\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3067\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5341\u4e8c\u5206\u306a\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3066\u5f97\u308b\u304b\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0b\u8a18\u306b\u8981\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u305f\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u56fd\u5185\u53ca\u3073\u56fd\u5bb6\u9593\u53cc\u65b9\u3067\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u6bce\u5e742\u51468000\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u52d5\u54e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u9577\u3044\u9593\u63c3\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3067\u707d\u5bb3\u6551\u52a9\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u6b7b\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3084\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u50cd\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56fd\u969b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u306f\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u3078\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\u7b56\u30fb\u6696\u548c\u7b56\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u3063\u305f\u8cc7\u91d1\u3068\u4ed6\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u3059\u3067\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002[7] \u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306f\u56fd\u6c11\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u516c\u5171\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u798f\u7949\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u3059\u3067\u306b\u6574\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u306eGDP\u306e\u50c5\u304b2\uff05\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u3078\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fdd\u969c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002[8]<\/p>\n

\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u304c\u53ce\u7e2e\u3057\u5931\u696d\u7387\u304c\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u306e\u6642\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u6a5f\u95a2\u53ca\u3073\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8ca1\u6e90\u306e\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u307e\u305f\u5065\u5168\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7406\u306b\u304b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7121\u6570\u306e\u751f\u547d\u3092\u6551\u3044\u3001\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6587\u5316\u7684\u55b6\u307f\u3078\u8ca2\u732e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u7dca\u7e2e\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u53ef\u51e6\u5206\u6240\u5f97\u3092\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u305b\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u3082\u307e\u305f\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u8cbf\u6613\u53ca\u3073\u91d1\u878d\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306b\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u751f\u547d\u3078\u306e\u3053\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u6295\u8cc7\u306f\u9700\u8981\u3092\u523a\u6fc0\u3057\u3001\u96c7\u7528\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308a\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7a0e\u53ce\u3092\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u50b5\u52d9\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u4e0a\u56de\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u5f8c\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u8af8\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u7949\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u6298\u3001\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u30d9\u30eb\u30c8\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u6700\u3082\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u7d4c\u6e08\u4e0d\u6cc1\u306e1933\u5e74\u304b\u30891936\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u653f\u7b56\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306a\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021948\u5e74\u3001\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u306f\u6226\u4e89\u3067\u7834\u58ca\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u8af8\u56fd\u306e\u518d\u5efa\u8a2d\u3068\u7d4c\u6e08\u56de\u5fa9\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8a08\u753b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30de\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u56fd\u3005\u3078\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u79fb\u8ee2\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u639b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u81ea\u56fd\u3068\u5916\u56fd\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u753b\u671f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u640d\u306a\u3046\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u5168\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u3059\u3067\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u826f\u3044\u6642\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff12\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u3092\u6551\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306e\u50c5\u304b\u306a\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u30fc1\u65e51.25\u30c9\u30eb\u306e\u6975\u8ca7\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u304b\u308914\u5104\u4eba\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\uff1a1730\u5104\u30c9\u30eb[9]
\n\u30fc\u4e2d\u592e\u7dca\u6025\u5bfe\u5fdc\u57fa\u91d1\uff08CERF\uff09\u306e2011\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\u984d\uff1a4500\u4e07\u30c9\u30eb[10]
\n\u30fc\u5168\u3066\u306e\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u56fd\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30df\u30ec\u30cb\u30a2\u30e0\u958b\u767a\u76ee\u6a19\uff08MDGs\uff09\u306e\u4e0d\u8db3\u984d\u3092\u4f9b\u7d66\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7dcf\u984d\uff1a1430\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\uff082011\u5e74\uff09[11]
\n\u30fc\u56fd\u969b\u9023\u5408\u4e16\u754c\u98df\u7ce7\u8a08\u753b\u306e2011\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\u984d\uff1a1410\u5104\u30c9\u30eb[12]
\n\u30fc\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5e7c\u5150\u306b\u4e88\u9632\u63a5\u7a2e\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\uff1a30\u5104\u30c9\u30eb[13]
\n\u30fc\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u6c17\u5019\u57fa\u91d1\u306b\u51fa\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u5e74\u95931000\u5104\u30c9\u30eb[14]
\n\u30fc\u6975\u8ca7\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u5168\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u3078\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\uff1a1\u51462600\u5104\u30c9\u30eb[15]<\/p>\n

\n

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<\/a>10\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u8a00\u306e\u8981\u7d04<\/h2>\n

1\uff0e\u91d1\u878d\u6295\u6a5f\u3078\u8ab2\u7a0e\u3059\u308b – 6500\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u5834\u3078\u306e\u6295\u6a5f\u306f\u300c\u672c\u5f53\u306e\u300d\u7d4c\u6e08\uff08\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u7269\u8cc7\u3068\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306e\u751f\u7523\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\uff09\u304b\u3089\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u306b\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6295\u6a5f\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u306f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u306e\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u3001\u6295\u8cc7\u9280\u884c\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u4e71\u9ad8\u4e0b\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3066\u3064\u3082\u306a\u3044\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30d8\u30c3\u30b8\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30c9\u3068\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4f01\u696d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u878d\u53d6\u5f15\u7a0e\uff08FTT\uff09\u306f\u6700\u3082\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u306a\u53d6\u5f15\u6163\u884c\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u898f\u5236\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u5b9f\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u8ca7\u56f0\u3078\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3001\u7dca\u7e2e\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u7834\u68c4\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u3078\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4e00\u5e74\u306b\uff16\uff0c\uff15\uff10\uff10\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u307e\u3067\u3092\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002[17]<\/p>\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u304c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u52dd\u5229\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5317\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3068\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u754c\u3068\u591a\u304f\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b8b\u308b\u8ab2\u7a0e\u3078\u306e\u8457\u3057\u3044\u53cd\u5bfe\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u53d6\u5f15\u7a0e\uff08FTT\uff09\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b9f\u73fe\u3078\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u304c\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u8cab\u304d\u901a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff0e\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u3078\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b – 5310\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u71c3\u713c\u306f\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u53bb\u5e74\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6700\u9ad8\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u70ad\u7d20\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u306b\u4e3b\u306a\u8cac\u4efb\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u751f\u7523\u8005\u3068\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u3078\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u300c\u6c5a\u3044\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u300d\u306e\u4e71\u7528\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001CO2\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u4fdd\u3064\u306e\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3082\u3057\u30d0\u30a4\u30aa\u71c3\u6599\u3068\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u5168\u5f62\u614b\u304c2020\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u306b\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u5e74\u9593\u6700\u9ad85310\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002[18] \u3053\u306e\u5de8\u984d\u306e\u304a\u91d1\u306f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3078\u306e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3057\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u306e\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3078\u306e\u591a\u984d\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u3092\u6700\u5927\u9650\u306b\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5404\u56fd\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306e\u8efd\u6e1b\u3001\u9069\u5fdc\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3078\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u4f9b\u7d66\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u306e\u9593\u3067\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u652f\u6301\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u3078\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e\u305f\u305f\u304b\u3044\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9065\u304b\u306b\u5927\u80c6\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3088\u3046\u653f\u5e9c\u3078\u306e\u5727\u529b\u304c\u5897\u3059\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u516c\u8846\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304b\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n

3\uff0e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u3092\u8ee2\u7528\u3059\u308b – 4345\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

2001\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306f50\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u5e74\u9593\u7d04250\u30c9\u30eb\u306b\u5024\u3059\u308b1\u51467000\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b66\u529b\u7d1b\u4e89\u3084\u6226\u4e89\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b69\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4e88\u7b97\u306e\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u524a\u6e1b\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u304d\u308f\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306e\u50c5\u304b4\u5206\u306e1\u306e\u8ee2\u7528\u304c\u3001\u751f\u547d\u306e\u6551\u6e08\u3001\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5265\u596a\u306e\u9632\u6b62\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u56fd\u9023\u5e73\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u5f37\u5316\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5e74\u95934345\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ca7\u56f0\u3001\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u5e73\u548c\u3078\u306e\u60b2\u60e8\u306a\u8105\u5a01\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3078\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u305f\u3081\u306b\u56fd\u969b\u5354\u529b\u3068\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u6226\u7565\u3092\u5404\u56fd\u306f\u7dca\u6025\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n

4\uff0e\u79df\u7a0e\u56de\u907f\u3092\u3084\u3081\u3055\u305b\u308b – 3490\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u5bcc\u88d5\u8005\u3068\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u4f01\u696d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u79df\u7a0e\u56de\u907f\u306f\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u984d\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u306a\u516c\u7684\u53ce\u5165\u3092\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u898b\u9003\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30fb\u30d8\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\uff08\u79df\u7a0e\u56de\u907f\u5730\uff09\u306e\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u4fc3\u9032\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u56fd\u5185\u53ca\u3073\u56fd\u969b\u7a0e\u898f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u300d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u79df\u7a0e\u56de\u907f\u306f\u4e00\u5927\u7523\u696d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306a\u79df\u7a0e\u56de\u907f\u306e\u5168\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306e\u4e00\u6b69\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30fb\u30d8\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7de0\u307e\u308a\u3068\u6cd5\u4eba\u7a0e\u4e71\u7528\u306e\u9632\u6b62\u306f\u6bce\u5e743490\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002[19] \u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u9055\u6cd5\u306a\u8131\u7a0e\u306e\u9632\u6b62\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u79df\u7a0e\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u5f37\u5316\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u3067\u306e\u3088\u308a\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u306a\u8ab2\u7a0e\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4f55\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3082\u306e\u6b73\u5165\u3092\u6bce\u5e74\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u56fd\u3005\u306e\u79df\u7a0e\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u5f37\u5316\u306f\u56fd\u3005\u304c\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u516c\u5e73\u306b\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u3068\u5f31\u8005\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6700\u3082\u5b9f\u969b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3068\u3069\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79df\u7a0e\u56de\u907f\u3068\u8131\u7a0e\u3078\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u6ce8\u76ee\u304c\u5897\u3059\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u56fd\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u306f\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u7a0e\u306e\u6b63\u7fa9\u3092\u65ad\u56fa\u3068\u3057\u3066\u652f\u6301\u305b\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n

5\uff0e\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u5897\u3059 – 2975\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\uff08ODA\uff09\u306f\u56fd\u969b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u3078\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u4f9b\u7d66\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u79c1\u6b32\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u59a5\u5354\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u88d5\u798f\u306a\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u6e96\u73fe\u91d1\u53ce\u5165\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u840e\u7e2e\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u5236\u5ea6\u304c\u5927\u6539\u9769\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u306b\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\uff08ODA\uff09\u3092\u56fd\u6c11\u7dcf\u6240\u5f97(GNI)1\uff05\u306b\u5897\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5e74\u9593\u3001\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u306a2975\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u984d\u3068\u9065\u304b\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002[20]<\/p>\n

\u3088\u308a\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u8ca7\u56f0\u3092\u6839\u7d76\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u53ca\u3073\u56fd\u5bb6\u9593\u3067\u5bcc\u3068\u6a29\u529b\u3092\u3088\u308a\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3046\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u3082\u3064\u4e16\u754c\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u6539\u9769\u3068\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u3001\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u56fd\u304c\u79df\u7a0e\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u767a\u5c55\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u52a9\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

6\uff0e\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b – 1870\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u306b\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u3068\u8cbf\u6613\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u63f4\u52a9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u756a\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9053\u7406\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u8ee2\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3057\u4e16\u754c\u304c\u98df\u7ce7\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3001\u98e2\u9913\u3092\u6e1b\u5c11\u3055\u305b\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u771f\u5263\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3001\u7dca\u6025\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88d5\u798f\u306a\u8fb2\u5bb6\u3068\u6709\u529b\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u95a2\u9023\u7523\u696d\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3064\u304f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u7121\u99c4\u306a\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u9664\u5916\u306f\u3001\u6bce\u5e741870\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u305d\u306e\u304a\u91d1\u306f\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8ca7\u56f0\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3001\u98df\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002[21]<\/p>\n

\u98df\u6599\u4e3b\u6a29\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u5f93\u3044\u3001\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u751f\u7523\u8005\u3084\u300c\u30a2\u30b0\u30ed\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u300d\u8fb2\u696d\u306e\u55b6\u307f\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9069\u5fdc\u3057\u76f4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u5bb6\u306e\u55b6\u307f\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u8cbf\u6613\u898f\u5b9a\u3068\u4ed6\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u542b\u307f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u98df\u6599\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u6539\u9769\u3082\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u5371\u6a5f\u306e\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3078\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

7\uff0eIMF\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u5f79\u7acb\u3066\u308b – 1155\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u7d4c\u6e08\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3078\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u901a\u8ca8\u57fa\u91d1(IMF)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3067\u6df1\u3044\u8ad6\u4e89\u306e\u7684\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e16\u8a55\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u56e3\u4f53\u3068\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5e02\u6c11\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u901a\u8ca8\u57fa\u91d1(IMF)\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5e02\u5834\u4e3b\u5c0e\u578b\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u3078\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304aIMF\u306f\u8ca7\u56f0\u64b2\u6ec5\u3068\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u81a8\u5927\u984d\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u4f9b\u7d66\u3092\u52df\u308a\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002IMF\u306e\u7279\u5225\u5f15\u51fa\u6a29\uff08SDR\uff09\u306f\u5e74\u95931000\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001IMF\u306e\u76f8\u5f53\u91cf\u306e\u91d1\u6e96\u5099\u306e\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u58f2\u5374\u306f10\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684155\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002[22]<\/p>\n

IMF\u306e\u8cc7\u7523\u306e\u518d\u5206\u914d\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4f4e\u8ff7\u3059\u308b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u4fee\u5fa9\u3057\u3001\u4f55\u5341\u5e74\u3082\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u8ca1\u52d9\u4e0d\u6b63\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306a\u6539\u9769\u3078\u306e\u9053\u3092\u6574\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

8\uff0e\u4f4e\u8cea\u71c3\u6599\u306b\u8ab2\u7a0e\u3059\u308b – 1080\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u306f\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u306e\u4fa1\u683c\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u73fe\u5b9f\u7684\u4ee3\u4fa1\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u9577\u3044\u9593\u8b70\u8ad6\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u306b\u4f4e\u4fa1\u683c\u306e\u71c3\u6599\u6cb9\u3001\u71c3\u713c\u30ac\u30b9\u3001\u77f3\u70ad\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3078\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u3092\u60aa\u5316\u3055\u305b\u3001\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u767a\u9054\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u3078\u306e\u8ab2\u7a0e\u306f\u3001\u6bce\u5e741080\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u6b73\u5165\u3068\u3057\u3066\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002[23] \u305d\u306e\u8ab2\u7a0e\u306f\u307e\u305f\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u3092\u3088\u308a\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a98\u5f15\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3001\u4f4e\u70ad\u7d20\u6280\u8853\u3078\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u52df\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u70ad\u7d20\u7a0e\u304c\u3059\u3067\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u7684\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77\u56e3\u4f53\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u8ad6\u4e89\u306e\u7684\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6392\u51fa\u53d6\u5f15\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u6709\u529b\u306a\u4ee3\u66ff\u3068\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

9\uff0e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u50b5\u52d9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u6d88\u3059 – 810\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u306f4\u5146\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u8d8a\u3059\u591a\u5927\u306a\u50b5\u52d9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8fd4\u6e08\u306b\u6bce\u65e514\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u6255\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u63f4\u52a9\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3088\u308a400\uff05\u591a\u3044\u984d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8cc7\u91d1\u306f\u8fd4\u6e08\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u7dca\u6025\u3067\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u7949\u3084\u516c\u5171\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u57287350\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3068\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e0d\u6cd5\u306a\u300c\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u306a\u50b5\u52d9\u300d\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u6d88\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3067\u306e\u516c\u5171\u652f\u51fa\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5e74\u9593810\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002[24]<\/p>\n

\u5168\u3066\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u3067\u652f\u6255\u3044\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u50b5\u52d9\u306e\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u6d88\u3057\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u306e\u3088\u308a\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u518d\u5206\u914d\u9054\u6210\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3088\u308a\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u50b5\u52d9\u6551\u6e08\u306f\u307e\u305f\u6700\u3082\u8ca7\u3057\u3044\u56fd\u3005\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u6210\u9577\u3078\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u3078\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u52a9\u9577\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u56fd\u969b\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3080\u3057\u308d\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u653f\u5e9c\u3078\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u8ffd\u53ca\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

10\uff0e\u8f38\u5165\u7a0e\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b – 634\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<\/h3>\n

\u8f38\u5165\u7a0e\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6240\u5f97\u306f\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6b73\u5165\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6e90\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u5b9a(FTAs)\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u91d1\u878d\u652f\u63f4\u306e\u4ee3\u511f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8f38\u5165\u7a0e\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u5f37\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3082\u3057\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u4ea4\u6e09\u304c\u3072\u3068\u3057\u304d\u308a\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3063\u305f\u306a\u3089\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u306f\u8f38\u5165\u7a0e\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u304b\u3089634\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u62e1\u5927\u304b\u3089\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u53ce\u76ca\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u63a8\u5b9a\u984d\u306e4\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u3059\u3002[25] \u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u3068\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u306e\u9593\u3067\u73fe\u5728\u4ea4\u6e09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308bFTAs\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u95a2\u7a0e\u53ce\u5165\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u3068\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u6a5f\u95a2\u306f\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u8cbf\u6613\u898f\u5b9a\u306e\u9075\u5b88\u3092\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u306b\u7121\u7406\u5f37\u3044\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u5404\u3005\u306e\u958b\u767a\u76ee\u6a19\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u56fd\u5bb6\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u898f\u5236\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u7a7a\u9593\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5f8c\u6ce8<\/h3>\n

[1]\u00a0For example, see: Jeremy Rifkin, The Empathic Civilization, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009; Michael Tomasello, Why We Cooperate, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009; Frans De Waal, The Age of Empathy, New York: Harmony Books, 2009; ABC Science, \u2018Humans May Be Hardwired to Share<\/a>‘, 28th August 2008.<\/p>\n

[2]\u00a0See the main report section on \u2018Increasing international aid’ for more information.<\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0OECD,\u00a0Doing Better for Families<\/a>, 27th April 2011.<\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0See latest data from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Bank.<\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0Global Humanitarian Forum,\u00a0The Anatomy of a Silent Crisis<\/a>, Human Impact Report: Climate Change, Geneva: May 2009.<\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0Figures based on World Health Organization, Disease and injury regional estimates, Cause-specific mortality: regional estimates for 2008, <www.who.int><\/a> Note: Only communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional diseases have been considered for this analysis, referred to as \u2018Group I’ causes by the WHO. Ninety six percent of all deaths from these causes occur in low- and middle-income countries and are considered largely preventable.<\/p>\n

[7]\u00a0Most notably, international climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC framework led to the launch of the Green Climate Fund in 2011, although there is still uncertainty over how governments will adequately finance its operation by 2020.<\/p>\n

[8]\u00a0International Labour Office,\u00a0\u2018Can low-income countries afford basic social security?<\/a>‘, Social Security Policy Briefings, Paper 3, Geneva, 2008.<\/p>\n

[9]\u00a0Oxfam, ‘Bank bailout could end poverty for 50 years – Oxfam tells G20’, Press release, 1st April 2009.<\/p>\n

[10]\u00a0BBC News,\u00a0\u2018World ‘dangerously unprepared’ for future disasters’<\/a>, 27th December 2011.<\/p>\n

[11]\u00a0UN Millennium Project,\u00a0Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development goals<\/a>, New York: 2005, Table 7, p. 57.<\/p>\n

[12]\u00a0Maha Mussadaq,\u00a0‘World Food Programme: 2011-2012 operation facing a shortfall of $9.3 million’<\/a>, International Herald Tribune, 24th January 2011.<\/p>\n

[13]\u00a0A report by Bill Gates to G20 leaders,\u00a0Innovation With Impact: Financing 21st Century Development<\/a>, Executive Summary, Cannes Summit, November 2011, p. 3.<\/p>\n

[14]\u00a0UNFCCC, The Cancun Agreements, Financial, technology and capacity-building support,\u00a0New long-term funding arrangements<\/a>, <cancun.unfccc.int><\/p>\n

[15]\u00a0International Labour Office,\u00a0\u2018Can low-income countries afford basic social security?<\/a>‘, op cit.<\/p>\n

[16]\u00a0Adam Parsons,\u00a0When Will Ordinary People Rise Up?<\/a>, Share The World’s Resources, June 2012.<\/p>\n

[17]\u00a0Calculated using a low-rate FTT of 0.01-0.05%, applied differentially to a wide range of transactions.<\/p>\n

[18]\u00a0Calculation based on the elimination of producer subsidies ($100bn) + biofuel subsidies ($22bn) + the progressive elimination of consumer subsidies by 2020 ($409bn).<\/p>\n

[19]\u00a0Clamping down on the use of tax havens by high-net-worth individuals could raise $189bn, and preventing multinational corporations from using trade mispricing and false invoicing to artificially boost their profits could secure an additional $160bn annually for developing countries.<\/p>\n

[20]\u00a0Calculations based on OECD Official Development Aid figures for 2011 when donor countries gave a total of $133.5bn in ODA, equal to 0.31% of combined GNI of DAC member countries. Increasing ODA to 1.0% of GNI ($430.6bn) would raise an additional $297.5bn.<\/p>\n

[21]\u00a0Eliminating inappropriate and wasteful agricultural subsidies is likely to require steep cuts, in the range of 50% to the current $374bn spent annually across OECD countries<\/p>\n

[22]\u00a0The market value of the IMF’s gold (less its historic cost) amounts to $155.2bn. Note that it could also be possible to raise an additional one-off $165bn by transferring existing SDRs.<\/p>\n

[23]\u00a0A tax of $25\/ton of CO2 emissions applied across all OECD countries could raise $301bn each year. Making only a quarter of this sum available could raise almost $75bn each year. A similar tax on emissions from the shipping and aviation industries could raise $23bn, and a further $10bn annually could be raised from a ticket levy on international flights (although this is not strictly a carbon tax).<\/p>\n

[24]\u00a0In 2010, developing countries paid $180bn servicing $1,583bn of debt, which represented 11% of the total value of their debt stock. We therefore estimate that the annual combined savings for developing country governments is 11% of the total amount of debt cancelled. If $735bn of debt was cancelled, 11% of this amount is $81bn in potential savings.<\/p>\n

[25]\u00a0Note that this figure only relates to industrial goods under the NAMA (Non-Agricultural Market Access) agreement being negotiated in the WTO Doha Round.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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