{"id":5536,"date":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-09-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stwr.in-site-dev.co.uk\/report\/gurobarunafen-katihe-inojing-ji-nichu-zi-surupato35-wai-guo-yuan-zhu\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T13:40:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T13:40:53","slug":"gurobarunafen-katihe-inojing-ji-nichu-zi-surupato35-wai-guo-yuan-zhu","status":"publish","type":"report","link":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/information-centre\/report\/gurobarunafen-katihe-inojing-ji-nichu-zi-surupato35-wai-guo-yuan-zhu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u51fa\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30c83\uff085\uff09: \u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u5897\u984d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u30ad\u30fc\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\uff08ODA\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u73fe\u5728\u56fd\u969b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9177\u304f\u640d\u306a\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u958b\u767a\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u8cea\u306e\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u6539\u9769\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u5bc4\u4ed8\u91d1\u984d\u306f\u3044\u307e\u3060\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3059\u3002\u77ed\u671f\u9593\u3067ODA\u3092GNI\u306e1%\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u8af8\u56fd\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u306a\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u898b\u5408\u3063\u305f\u5e74\u95932975\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u306b\u52df\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3078\u306a\u3093\u3089\u610f\u5473\u3042\u308b\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6027\u3092\u8755\u3080\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u8cc7\u672c\u7d14\u6d41\u51fa\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u77ee\u5c0f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ca7\u56f0\u3092\u6839\u7d76\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u5bb6\u9593\u3067\u5bcc\u3068\u6a29\u529b\u3092\u3088\u308a\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u5206\u914d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u57df\u306a\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u7d4c\u6e08\u6539\u9769\u3068\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u3001\u79df\u7a0e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u56fd\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u4f55\u5341\u5e74\u3082\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u306e\u307b\u3093\u306e\u50c5\u304b\u3092\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u3068\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3046\u8a66\u307f\u3055\u3048\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u554f\u984c\u304c\u591a\u304f\u5f01\u89e3\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u306a\u3044\u307b\u3069\u4e4f\u3057\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8ca7\u56f0\u6839\u7d76\u3078\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3092\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u56fd\u5185\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u5bb6\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5bcc\u3068\u6a29\u529b\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u5206\u914d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u7d4c\u6e08\u6539\u9769\u3092\u7dca\u6025\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3082\u3057\u63f4\u52a9\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u6539\u9769\u3055\u308c\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u304c\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\uff08ODA\uff09\u306f\u751f\u547d\u3092\u6551\u3044\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u8ca7\u56f0\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.4em;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6d77\u5916\u8af8\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30fb\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u518d\u5efa\u4fc3\u9032\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u7c73\u56fd\u304c\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f\u7b2c\uff12\u6b21\u5927\u6226\u5f8c\u306b\u518d\u5efa\u52aa\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u975e\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u5316\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u672a\u958b\u767a\u300d\u3092\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u306f\u904e\u53bb20\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u518d\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u305f1969\u5e74\u306e\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u5831\u544a\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u8af8\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u6c11\u7dcf\u6240\u5f97\uff08GNI\uff09\u306e0.7\uff05\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066GNI\u306e1\uff05\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u6c11\u9593\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u3053\u308c\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u88dc\u5145\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3068\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306f\u52e7\u544a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn1\">[1]<\/a> 1970\u5e74\u56fd\u9023\u7dcf\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u8af8\u56fd\u304cODA\u3092\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u30575\u5e74\u5f8c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u6700\u4f4e\u7d14\u984d\u3067\u3042\u308bGNI\u306e0.7\uff05\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u6700\u5927\u306e\u52aa\u529b\u3092\u6295\u3058\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76ee\u6a19\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3060\u6c7a\u8b70\u3092\u63a1\u629e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn2\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">40\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u305f\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u3053\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u306f\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u7dcf\u984d\u304c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306b\u540c\u610f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u76ee\u6a19\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u534a\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3057\u304b\u3044\u307e\u3060\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u8af8\u56fd\u306b\u4ed8\u304d\u307e\u3068\u3044\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3059 [\u53c2\u8003\u56f31]\u30022002\u5e74\u306e\u30e2\u30f3\u30c6\u30ec\u30a4\u958b\u767a\u8cc7\u91d1\u56fd\u969b\u4f1a\u8b70\u306a\u3069\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30cf\u30a4\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u56fd\u969b\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u3053\u306e\u8a93\u7d04\u306f\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6ce8\u76ee\u3092\u6d74\u3073\u305f2005\u5e74\u306e\u300cMake Poverty History\uff08\u8ca7\u56f0\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3057\u3088\u3046\uff09\u300d\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3001G8\u306e\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30b0\u30ec\u30f3\u30a4\u30fc\u30b0\u30eb\u30ba\u30fb\u30b5\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3078\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u500d\u5897\u306a\u3069\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u5927\u5e45\u306a\u62e1\u5927\u3092\u518d\u3073\u8a93\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3082\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u98df\u6599\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8ca7\u56f0\u306b\u62bc\u3057\u3084\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u305f\u308f\u3089\u3001\u30b5\u30d6\u30b5\u30cf\u30e9\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u7d04\u675f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5897\u4fa1\u984d\u306e61\uff05\u304c\u76ee\u6a19\u9054\u6210\u671f\u9650\u306e2010\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u9054\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn3\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">2011\u5e74\u3001\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306fODA\u7d14\u984d1335\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306eGNI\u3092\u7dcf\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e0.31\uff05\u3067\u3057\u305f &#8211; 2010\u5e74\u306b\u6bd4\u30793\uff05\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3067\u3042\u308a\u300114\u5e74\u3076\u308a\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u306f\uff08\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u7387\u304c\u8abf\u6574\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u306e\uff0934\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u306e\u843d\u3061\u8fbc\u307f\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002HIV\u306b\u611f\u67d3\u3057\u305f\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u534a\u6570\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u3092\u307e\u308b\u4e00\u5e74\u9593\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5341\u5206\u3060\u3068\u30aa\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30d5\u30a1\u30e0\u304c\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u3063\u305f\u984d\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7c73\u56fd\u306a\u3069\u4e00\u90e8\u306eOECD\u8af8\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u73fe\u5728ODA\u7387\u304cGNI\u306e0.2\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn6\">[6]<\/a> GNI\u306e0.7\uff05\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u9577\u671f\u7684\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u5145\u8db3\u306e\u5931\u6557\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u306f\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u304b\u30892011\u5e74\u3060\u3051\u3067\u30821675\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u5265\u596a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn7\">[7]<\/a> 1970\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u306f3\u5146\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306eODA\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u6765\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e0d\u8db3\u984d\u306e\u7dcf\u8a08\u306f\uff080.7\uff05\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u304c\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6642\uff09\u30014.37\u5146\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u9054\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u63f4\u52a9\u7dcf\u984d\u306f\u3001\u7d04\u675f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u984d\u306e\u534a\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u73fe\u5728\u306e\u52d5\u5411\u306b\u304a\u3044\u30662062\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u3055\u3089\u306b50\u5e74\u9593\u3001\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306f0.7\uff05\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5171\u540c\u9054\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<a href=\"#ftn9\">[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/share.in-site-dev.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/figure_9.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u305d\u308c\u3068\u306f\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u306f2008\u5e74\u306e\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u9280\u884c\u306b\u6551\u6e08\u63aa\u7f6e\u3092\u65bd\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b2, 3\u30f6\u6708\u306712\u5146\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u52d5\u54e1\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5148\u9032\u8af8\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u8cc7\u672c\u306e\u6d41\u51fa\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066ODA\u3082\u307e\u305f\u77ee\u5c0f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56fd\u9023\u306e\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u30012009\u5e74\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u7d14\u79fb\u8ee25450\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u3053\u306e\u7d14\u6d41\u51fa\u306f\u3001\u540c\u5e74\u7dcf\u8a089030\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u6b63\u306a\u8cc7\u91d1\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6fc0\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u306f\u7a0e\u52d9\u5f53\u5c40\u304b\u3089\u5bcc\u3092\u304b\u304f\u307e\u3046\u884c\u70ba\u3084\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u9055\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u8cc7\u91d1\u306e\u79fb\u8ee2\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u83ab\u5927\u306a\u8cc7\u672c\u640d\u5931\u306e\u6fc0\u5897\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u306a\u3093\u3089\u610f\u5473\u3042\u308b\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093 [\u53c2\u8003\u56f310]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u65b0\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3060\u3068\u30a2\u30ca\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u591a\u304f\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u6b20\u9665\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u6539\u9769\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u5408\u610f\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn12\">[12]<\/a> ODA\u3078\u306e\u9577\u671f\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u306f\u56fd\u5bb6\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6709\u5bb3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u3088\u304f\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u767a\u5c55\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7d4c\u6e08\u7ba1\u7406\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u65b9\u5411\u306bODA\u304c\u5411\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b913]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5b9a\u7740\u3057\u305f\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u3001\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u56fd\u969b\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6570\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059 [\u6ce8\u91c8\u53c2\u8003]\u3002<a href=\"#ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u8ca7\u56f0\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u304b\u3089\u6bce\u65e5\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u308241\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u751f\u547d\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001<a href=\"#ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0ODA\u304c\u6551\u547d\u3068\u6975\u5ea6\u306e\u5265\u596a\u9632\u6b62\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u771f\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u77ad\u3067\u3059\u3002\u63f4\u52a9\u3060\u3051\u3067\u8ca7\u56f0\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u3084\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5bcc\u306e\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u683c\u5dee\u306e\u662f\u6b63\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u3088\u308a\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u771f\u306b\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u306a\u56fd\u969b\u5354\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u304a\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5373\u6642\u306b\u6539\u9769\u3055\u308c\u5f37\u5316\u3055\u308c\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/share.in-site-dev.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/figure_10.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u6975\u8ca7\u8005\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ce\u5165\u306e\u307b\u3093\u306e\u50c5\u304b\u3057\u304b\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u306b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u306f\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5bfe\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u304cGNI\u306e0.7\uff05\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u7dca\u6025\u306a\u8981\u6c42\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u540c\u8abf\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u8af8\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u30012015\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b0.7\uff05\u306e\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30eb\u30af\u30bb\u30f3\u30d6\u30eb\u30b0\u3001\u30c7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30db\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u304c\u65e2\u306b0.7\uff05\u306e\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30b9\u30a8\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ce\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u306fGNI\u306e1\uff05\u304b\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002[\u88684\u53c2\u7167]\u3002<a href=\"#ftn15\">[15]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u3068\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u56fd\u306e\u8ca1\u653f\u306b\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u6253\u6483\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u306e\u4f59\u6ce2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5bdb\u5927\u306a\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u5207\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u304c\u53ce\u5165\u306e1\uff05\u3092\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u306f\u5e74\u95933\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u304a\u3088\u305d4310\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5e74\u95932975\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u304c\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u306b\u8abf\u9054\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059 &#8211; \u4eca\u65e5\u591a\u304f\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u5dee\u3057\u8feb\u3063\u305f\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u898b\u5408\u3063\u305f\u984d\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn16\">[16]<\/a> 40\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u63f4\u52a9\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u5bc4\u4ed8\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u304c\u6539\u9769\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ce\u5165\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30821\uff05\u306e\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3092\u5373\u523b\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306b\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u7d9a\u3051\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"blockquote\">\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6b73\u5165\u304c\u52d5\u54e1\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u308b\u304b<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u306f\u3001DAC\u52a0\u76df\u56fd\u306eGNI\u7dcf\u8a08\u306e0.31\uff05\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u3044ODA\u7dcf\u984d1335\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u305f2010\u5e74\u5ea6OECD\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u7d71\u8a08\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">ODA\u3092GNI\uff083010\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\uff09\u306e0.7\uff05\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5e74\u95931675\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<a href=\"#ftn17\">[17]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">ODA\u3092GNI\uff084306\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\uff09\u306e1.0\uff05\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5e74\u95932975\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<a href=\"#ftn18\">[18]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b913\uff1a\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u3069\u3053\u304c\u9593\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8ca1\u6e90\u306e\u518d\u5206\u914d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u554f\u984c\u306e\u591a\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b8b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\uff08ODA\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u6279\u5224\u70b9\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63f4\u52a9\u984d\uff1a\u63f4\u52a9\u63d0\u4f9b\u306f\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u984d\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u984d\u3068\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u6574\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u304c40\u5e74\u524d\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5c11\u306a\u3044\uff08\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u7d040.3\uff05\u306b\u6bd4\u30791960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u306fGNI\u306e0.51\uff05\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5bcc\u306e\u7dcf\u984d\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4eca\u65e5\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u984d\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u4e16\u754c\u306e\u6975\u8ca7\u8005\u306e\u6b86\u3069\u304c\u8fb2\u6751\u90e8\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u904e\u53bb20\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u8fb2\u696d\u3078\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u6025\u843d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u6700\u3082\u8ca7\u3057\u3044\u56fd\u3005\u306e\u6700\u3082\u8ca7\u3057\u3044\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u3078\u306e\u4fdd\u8a3c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059\u300235\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306f\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u5897\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3068\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u8a93\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u304c\u7834\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3082\u56fd\u969b\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7f70\u91d1\u304c\u8ab2\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn20\">[20]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\"><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff1a\u5727\u529b\u56e3\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u63f4\u52a9\u652f\u51fa\u306b\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u7e4b\u304c\u3063\u305f\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u653f\u7b56\u5909\u9769\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u8cbf\u6613\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u305f\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3057\u5f97\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d4c\u6e08\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3078\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u6240\u6709\u6a29\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a66\u307f\u308b\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u5148\u5c0e\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u3089\u305a\uff08\u7279\u306bIMF\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5148\u5c0e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8ca7\u56f0\u524a\u6e1b\u6226\u7565\u66f8\uff09\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u632f\u308b\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u306f\u6c42\u3081\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3059\u30022009\u5e74\u6b27\u5dde\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u540827\u30ab\u56fd\u306e\u3046\u3061\u50c5\u304b5\u30ab\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u653f\u7b56\u6761\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3057\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn21\">[21]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\"><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u7d10\u4ed8\u304d\u63f4\u52a9: \u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306f\u7269\u8cc7\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u8abf\u9054\u3092\u81ea\u56fd\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u3092\u62e0\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u512a\u9047\u63aa\u7f6e\u3084\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u88ab\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u8cbf\u6613\u898f\u5247\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6295\u8cc7\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u56fd\u5185\u4f01\u696d\u306b\u9069\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6700\u3082\u672a\u958b\u767a\u306e\u56fd\u3005\u3078\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u89e3\u6d88\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u52aa\u529b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u98df\u6599\u652f\u63f4\u3068\u6280\u8853\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u9664\u3044\u305f\u5168\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u6700\u9ad840\uff05\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3060\u5546\u696d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u7e1b\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u3082\u6700\u60aa\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u4f01\u696d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7d44\u7e54\u306b70\uff05\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn22\">[22]\u00a0<\/a>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3084\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306a\u3069\u7d10\u4ed8\u304d\u63f4\u52a9\u304c\u304b\u306a\u308a\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u56fd\u3005\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u90e8\u9580\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1100\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u306b\u3064\u304d\u7d04160\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u7d4c\u6e08\u304c\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn23\">[23]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\"><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u4ea1\u970a\u63f4\u52a9\uff1a\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u6539\u5584\u306b\u5b9f\u969b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u306a\u3044\u63f4\u52a9\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u591a\u304f\u304c\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u63f4\u52a9\u7d71\u8a08\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u50b5\u52d9\u6551\u6e08\u3068\u3057\u30662\u5ea6\u6570\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff1b\u9ad8\u4fa1\u3067\u5f79\u306b\u7acb\u305f\u306a\u3044\u6280\u8853\u652f\u63f4\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4f55\u5341\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3082\u306e\u984d\uff08\u30b3\u30f3\u30b5\u30eb\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u30ea\u30b5\u30fc\u30c1\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u306a\u3069\u5916\u90e8\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u6280\u8853\uff09\uff1b\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u652f\u51fa\u3078\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\uff1b\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u7ba1\u7406\u8cbb\uff1b\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u4e4f\u3057\u3044\u30b3\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u88ab\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\u304c\u640d\u5931\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u542b\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn24\">[24]<\/a> ActionAid\u306e\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u30012009\u5e74\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u306e45\uff05\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3060\u3001\u9577\u671f\u7684\u958b\u767a\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u300c\u771f\u306e\u300d\u63f4\u52a9\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn25\">[25]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\"><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u306b\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u63f4\u52a9\uff1a\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066USAID\u3092\u898b\u306a\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u7c73\u56fd\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6226\u7565\u7684\u914d\u616e\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u63f4\u52a9\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3088\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u00a0\u51b7\u6226\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u9593\u3001\u4e8c\u56fd\u9593\u304a\u3088\u3073\u591a\u56fd\u9593\u53cc\u65b9\u3067\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u304c\u516c\u306b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u52e2\u529b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4fc3\u9032\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3044\u307e\u3060\u5f37\u3044\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002ODA\u306e\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u8003\u306f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff1b\u307e\u305a\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u306b\u99c6\u308a\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6700\u3082\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u56fd\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<a href=\"#ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u5229\u3092\u753b\u3059\u308b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u63f4\u52a9\u304c\u6210\u9577\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u8ca7\u56f0\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6027\u8cea\u4e0a\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn28\">[28]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\"><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u554f\u984c\u306e\u3042\u308b\u98df\u6599\u652f\u63f4\uff1a\u958b\u767a\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u98df\u54c1\u8f38\u9001\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u91cf\u7684\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u63f4\u52a9\u7dcf\u984d\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3053\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u6d77\u5916\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u3088\u308a\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u5185\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3060\u5e83\u304f\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u98df\u6599\u652f\u63f4\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u5185\u8abf\u9054\u304a\u3088\u3073\u51fa\u8377\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7279\u306b\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u98df\u6599\u652f\u63f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7c73\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u7c73\u56fd\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u7d44\u63db\u3048\u98df\u54c1\u3092\u62bc\u3057\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u305d\u306e\u98df\u6599\u652f\u63f4\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u5730\u5143\u306e\u5473\u899a\u3068\u8da3\u5411\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5c06\u6765\u5546\u696d\u5e02\u5834\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u3060\u305d\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u975e\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u98df\u6599\u652f\u63f4\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u8f38\u9001\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u60aa\u304f\u3001\u4fa1\u683c\u3092\u62bc\u3057\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\u5371\u967a\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u88ab\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\u306e\u751f\u7523\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u98df\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u306b\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn32\">[32]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u63f4\u52a9\u4f9d\u5b58\uff1a\u8fd1\u5e74ODA\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8ad6\u8003\u306f\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u63f4\u52a9\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6642\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u306f\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u63f4\u52a9\u4f9d\u5b58\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7406\u7531\u304b\u3089\u5927\u304d\u306a\u61f8\u5ff5\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u958b\u767a\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u7b56\u5b9a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5b9f\u65bd\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u7a7a\u9593\u306e\u640d\u5931\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u5f97\u307e\u3059\uff1b\u516c\u5171\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u5b9f\u65bd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8aac\u660e\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u3068\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u9593\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7d04\u3092\u5f31\u4f53\u5316\u3055\u305b\u5f97\u307e\u3059\uff1b\u305d\u3057\u3066\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u304c\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u6e90\u6cc9\u6240\u5f97\u304b\u3089\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u53ce\u5165\u3088\u308a\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5909\u52d5\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u51fa\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u640d\u306a\u3044\u9577\u671f\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u63f4\u52a9\u4f9d\u5b58\u304c2000\u5e74\u304b\u30892009\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7d71\u8a08\u306f\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u3046\u306130\u30ab\u56fd\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3060\u652f\u51fa\u306e30\uff05\u304b\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn34\">[34]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"blockquote\"><span style=\"color: #00a6d6; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 1.4em;\">\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u6539\u9769\u304a\u3088\u3073\u62e1\u5927<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u6700\u8fd1\u307e\u3067\u3001\u5e74\u9593\u5897\u52a0\u306e\u9577\u671f\u7684\u52d5\u5411\u306b\u7d9a\u304d2010\u5e74\u63f4\u52a9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306f\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u9ad8\u5024\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u3078\u306eODA\u984d\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u52aa\u529b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u5146\u5019\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3089\u304b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7d4c\u6e08\u5354\u529b\u958b\u767a\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\uff08OECD-DAC\uff09\u306e\u52a0\u76df\u56fd15\u30ab\u56fd\u306e\u3046\u30618\u30ab\u56fd\u304c\u30012010\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306bGNI\u306e\u6700\u4f4e0.51\uff05\u3092ODA\u306b\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76ee\u6a19\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn35\">[35]<\/a>\u00a0\u9577\u671f\u7684\u8ca7\u56f0\u524a\u6e1b\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30df\u30ec\u30cb\u30a2\u30e0\u958b\u767a\u76ee\u6a19\uff08MDGs\uff09\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5dfb\u304f\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u7591\u5ff5\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u3088\u308a\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u72d9\u3044\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3001\u7279\u306bG8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u8aac\u660e\u3078\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\u62e1\u5927\u3092MDGs\u306f\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u305f\u3068\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30a2\u30ca\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn36\">[36]<\/a> ActionAid\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6975\u8ca7\u8005\u306b\u72d9\u3044\u3092\u3064\u3051\u88ab\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\u304c\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u958b\u767a\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u5148\u5c0e\u3059\u308b\u4f59\u88d5\u3092\u8a31\u3059 &#8211; \u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u300c\u771f\u306e\u300d\u63f4\u52a9\u984d\u3082\u5897\u5927\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f2006\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u7dcf\u984d\u306e51\uff05\u304b\u308955\uff05\u307e\u3067\u3068\u50c5\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn37\">[37]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u30892011\u5e74\u306eODA\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u50c5\u304b\u306b\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5c55\u306b\u5f71\u3092\u843d\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u6700\u3082\u8ca7\u3057\u3044\u5730\u57df \u30b5\u30d6\u30b5\u30cf\u30e9\u30fb\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3078\u306e\u4e8c\u30ab\u56fd\u9593\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u6700\u3082\u8ca7\u3057\u304448\u30ab\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066NGO\u306f\u7279\u5225\u306a\u61f8\u5ff5\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u3084\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u3092\u3088\u308a\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u4e57\u308a\u5207\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u56fd\u3005\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3060\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u52a0\u76df\u56fd12\u30ab\u56fd\u304c\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u306b\u7d9a\u304d\u3001\u300c\u8b66\u5831\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u4e2d\u3067\u9cf4\u308a\u97ff\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3079\u304d\u300d\u3068\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u306f\u8a9e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn38\">[38]<\/a> 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href=\"#ftn39\">[39]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u6162\u6027\u7684\u306a\u610f\u6b32\u306e\u6b20\u5982<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u63f4\u52a9\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u3068\u88ab\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u529b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u984d\u306fMDGs\u9054\u6210\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u81f3\u6025\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u63f4\u52a9\u984d\u304b\u3089\u7a0b\u9060\u304f &#8211; \u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f8b\u3048G8\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u304c\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u8a93\u7d04\u3068\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u8a93\u7d04\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u5145\u8db3\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002MDGs\u304c\u8ca7\u56f0\u6839\u7d76\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u76ee\u6a19\u3060\u3068\u5e83\u304f\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u300c\u826f\u8cea\u300d\u63f4\u52a9\u304c\u8ca7\u56f0\u524a\u6e1b\u306b\u771f\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u6301\u3061\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u307e\u305f\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306a\u984d\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u30011970\u5e74\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u8a93\u3063\u305f\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u3082\u3057\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306a\u3089\u3001\u30aa\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30d5\u30a1\u30e0\u304c\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6975\u8ca7\u306f22\u5ea6\u64b2\u6ec5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046 &#8211; \u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u9577\u671f\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn40\">[40]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u60aa\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ca1\u653f\u3092\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u3068\u306a\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u3092\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u304c\u524a\u6e1b\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5371\u967a\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d4c\u6e08\u4e0d\u6cc1\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u5185\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ca1\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u3086\u3048\u306b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u591a\u304f\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u7d4c\u6e08\u6210\u9577\u7387\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3082\u306f\u3084\u540c\u3058\u63f4\u52a9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u898b\u8b58\u3086\u3048\u306b\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u3078\u306e\u516c\u8846\u306e\u652f\u6301\u304a\u3088\u3073\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u652f\u6301\u53cc\u65b9\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u304c\u305d\u306e\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u591a\u304f\u306e\u958b\u767a\u7d44\u7e54\u304c\u6050\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u3067\u306f2010\u5e74\u4e0a\u9662\u7d4c\u6e08\u5c0f\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u304c\u8d85\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306b\u8b33\u308f\u308c\u305f\u63f4\u52a9\u652f\u51fa\u7dcf\u984d\u306e0.7\uff05\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76ee\u6a19\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u305f\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3055\u3048\u767a\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn41\">[41]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u63d0\u5531\u8005\u306f\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u306f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e88\u7b97\u306e\u50c5\u304b\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u50b5\u52d9\u8d85\u904e\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7279\u306b\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u52d5\u5411\u306b\u6311\u6226\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn42\">[42]<\/a>\u00a0ODA \u3078\u306e\u516c\u8846\u306e\u652f\u6301\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u5b9f\u65bd\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306e\u5c0f\u984d\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u8cbb\u3084\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn43\">[43]<\/a>\u00a0\u591a\u304f\u306eNGO\u3068\u958b\u767a\u30a2\u30ca\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u5fc5\u6b7b\u306a\u6642\u7279\u306b\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u524a\u6e1b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8ca7\u56f0\u56fd\u306e\u6551\u547d\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn44\">[44]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u7dca\u6025\u8cc7\u6e90\u8f38\u9001\u3092\u52e7\u544a\u3057\u305f1980\u5e74\u306e\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u63d0\u6848\u306a\u3069\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u3092GNI\u306e1\uff05\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u56fd\u9023\u306e0.7\uff05\u6c7a\u8b70\u4ee5\u6765\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3068\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u63d0\u5531\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn45\">[45]<\/a> Network of Spiritual Progressives\uff08\u7cbe\u795e\u9032\u6b69\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\uff09\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8d8a\u3048\u3001\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u8ca7\u56f0\u6839\u7d76\u3068\u74b0\u5883\u4fee\u5fa9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7c73\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u4eca\u5f8c20\u5e74\u9593GDP\u306e1\uff05\u304b\u30892\uff05\u3092\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u3088\u3046\u63d0\u5531\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u304c\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u306e\u300c\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30fb\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\u300d\u306b\u5c02\u5fc3\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u306eGDP\u306e3\uff05\u304b\u30895\uff05\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3060\u3068\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn46\">[46]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<h4>\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5909\u9769<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u61f8\u5ff5\u3059\u308b\u56fd\u6c11\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u63f4\u52a9\u91cf\u62e1\u5927\u3060\u3051\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5546\u696d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u304b\u3089\u306e\u89e3\u653e\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u63d0\u4f9b\u306b\u4ed8\u968f\u3057\u305f\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u9664\u53bb\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5730\u5143\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u56fd\u5bb6\u958b\u767a\u306b\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u60aa\u3044\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u7de9\u548c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u8cea\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u5727\u529b\u3092\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059[\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u53c2\u7167]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">2005\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u300c\u63f4\u52a9\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30d1\u30ea\u5ba3\u8a00\u300d\u306e\u7f72\u540d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u8150\u6557\u3055\u305b\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u5f31\u3044\u76ee\u6a19\u3078\u306e\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u610f\u5473\u3042\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u56fd\u3005\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u305d\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<a href=\"#ftn47\">[47]<\/a> OECD-DAC\u3001\u56fd\u9023\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4ed6\u306e\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306b\u3088\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6539\u9769\u30a4\u30cb\u30b7\u30a2\u30c1\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5e73\u7b49\u3067\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u3068\u308c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u308b\u5b9a\u7740\u3057\u305f\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5546\u696d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306f\u8ca7\u56f0\u524a\u6e1b\u3078\u306e\u300c\u72d9\u3044\u3092\u5b9a\u3081\u305f\u300d\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u3068\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u7523\u30fb\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u3067\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u958b\u767a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u5165\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn48\">[48]<\/a>\u00a0\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u56fd\u306e\u79df\u7a0e\u5236\u5ea6\u767a\u5c55\u4fc3\u9032\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u958b\u767a\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u5185\u306e\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u3068\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u304b\u3089\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u652f\u6301\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059[\u3053\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u79df\u7a0e\u6b63\u7fa9\u306e\u9805\u3092\u53c2\u7167]\u3002<a href=\"#ftn49\">[49]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u62d8\u675f\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u9577\u671f\u7684\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u306e\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308cODA\u304c\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u304c\u84c4\u7a4d\u3055\u308c\u56fd\u9023\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u958b\u767a\u57fa\u91d1\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u6a5f\u95a2\u3092\u305d\u308c\u306f\u901a\u904e\u305b\u306d\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u9577\u3044\u9593\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn50\">[50]<\/a>\u00a0\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30a2\u30ca\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u306a\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u79df\u7a0e\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3001\u958b\u767a\u306b\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001ODA\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u308a\u771f\u306b\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u306a\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn51\">[51]<\/a>\u00a0\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u4e16\u754c\u8ca7\u56f0\u306e\u6839\u7d76\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30ac\u30d0\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u69cb\u9020\u6539\u9769\u3001\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u529b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u30fb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5909\u9769\u306a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"blockquote\">\u3055\u3089\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3088\u3046<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aidflows.org\/\">AidFlows<\/a>: Flash graphics on how much development aid is provided and received around the world, provided by the OECD, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Users can select individual donors (providing the aid) and beneficiaries (receiving the aid) to track the sources and uses of aid funding. &lt;www.aidflows.org&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/aidwatch.org.au\">AID\/WATCH<\/a>: An independent watchdog on aid, trade and debt. Based in Australia and working with communities in the Global South, they challenge practices which undermine the ability of communities to determine their own futures, and promote development alternatives based on social and environmental justice. &lt;www.aidwatch.org.au&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.one.org\/data\/\">The DATA Report 201<\/a>2: For five years, the ONE campaign&#8217;s annual DATA reports monitored the historic promises that the G8 and EU made to sub-Saharan Africa at the Gleneagles Summit in 2005. The latest report assesses Europe&#8217;s progress in keeping its promises for aid increases and aid effectiveness. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.one.org\/data&gt;\">www.one.org\/data&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books\/about\/Does_foreign_aid_really_work.html?id=39ovxf36eekC\">Does foreign aid really work?<\/a>: Book by Roger Riddle with a comprehensive analysis of the aid system, and practical conclusions for how to make aid an effective force for good. Published by OUP Oxford, 2007.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/section\/topics\/aid_effectiveness\">The Centre for Global Development<\/a>: The Center&#8217;s work on aid effectiveness focuses on the policies and practices of bilateral and multilateral donors. It includes analysing existing programs, monitoring donor innovations, and designing and promoting fresh approaches to deliver aid. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/section\/topics\/aid_effectiveness&gt;\">www.cgdev.org\/section\/topics\/aid_effectiveness&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books?id=bfYdpG7IQaQC&amp;dq=the+end+of+poverty&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=aAjBTu-SMoXr8QPKnsznCg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA\">The End of Poverty: How We Can Make it Happen in Our Lifetime<\/a>: Book by Jeffrey D. Sachs based on his plan to end global extreme poverty within 20 years. Controversial prescriptions, but useful context and data. Published by Penguin, 2005.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/35\/foreign-aid-development-assistance\">Global Issues on Foreign Aid for Development Assistance<\/a>: Resources and analysis on the history of aid, including foreign aid numbers in charts and graphs, compiled by Anup Shah. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/35\/foreign-aid-development-assistance&gt;\">www.globalissues.org\/article\/35\/foreign-aid-development-assistance&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/statsportal\/0,2639,en_2825_293564_1_1_1_1_1,00.html\">OECD statistics portal<\/a>: The latest ODA data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, an international economic organisation of 34 countries founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/statsportal&gt;\">www.oecd.org\/statsportal&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>OneWorld&#8217;s foreign aid guide: A backgrounder on aid sources and statistics; aids critics; aids effectiveness and aids broken promises. &lt;www.uk.oneworld.net\/guides\/aid&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.realityofaid.org\/\">Reality of Aid Network<\/a>: A major North\/South international non-governmental initiative focusing exclusively on analysis and lobbying for poverty eradication policies and practices in the international aid regime. Since 2000, the RoA publishes a major biennial thematic report assessing aid effectiveness for poverty reduction. &lt;www.realityofaid.org&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dataoecd\/3\/39\/1896816.pdf\">The Story of Official Development Assistance (pdf):<\/a>\u00a0 A history of the DAC by Helmut F\u00fchrer, former Director of the OECD&#8217;s Development Co-operation Directorate. &lt;www.oecd.org\/dataoecd\/3\/39\/1896816.pdf&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/publications\/IAR05-English-MillenProject.pdf\">UN Millennium Project<\/a>: Commissioned by the United Nations Secretary-General in 2002 to recommend a concrete action plan for the world to reverse the grinding poverty, hunger and disease affecting billions of people. &lt;www.unmillenniumproject.org&gt;<span style=\"line-height: 1.4em;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn1\">[1]\u00a0Lester B. Pearson et al, Commission on International Development: Partners in development, New York, Praeger, 1969.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">[2] DAC Journal, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2003\/04\/the-dac-journal_g1gh168d\/journal_dev-v3-4-en.pdf\">History of the 0.7% ODA Target<\/a>, 2002, Vol 3 No 4, pp. III-9, III-11.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn3\">[3]\u00a0ONE Campaign,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.one.org\/data\/\">The DATA Report 2011<\/a>, May 2011, pp. 6-7.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn4\">[4]\u00a0OECD, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/document\/3\/0,3746,en_21571361_44315115_50058883_1_1_1_1,00.html\">Development: Aid to developing countries falls because of global recession<\/a>&#8216;, 4th April 2012.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn5\">[5]\u00a0Oxfam, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/en\/pressroom\/pressrelease\/2012-04-04\/first-global-aid-cut-14-years-will-cost-lives-and-must-be-reversed\">First global aid cut in 14 years will cost lives and must be reversed<\/a>&#8216;, 4th April 2012.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn6\">[6]\u00a0OECD iLibrary, Development aid: Net official development assistance (ODA), Net disbursements at current prices and exchange rates, 2011 [table], 13th April 2011, &lt;www.oecd-ilibrary.org&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn7\">[7]\u00a0Calculations based on OECD Official Development Aid figures for 2011 when donor countries gave a total of $133.5bn in ODA, equal to 0.31% of combined GNI of DAC member countries. If the 0.7% of GNI target had been met, total ODA would have reached $301bn in 2011, equivalent to an additional sum of $167.5bn.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn8\">[8]\u00a0Calculated by Anup Shah, based on OECD figures up to 2011. See Global Issues,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/593\/official-global-foreign-aid-shortfall-over-4-trillion\">Official global foreign aid shortfall: $4tn<\/a>, updated 8th April 2012, &lt;www.globalissues.org&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn9\">[9]\u00a0Oxfam, First global aid cut in 14 years&#8230;, op cit.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn10\">[10] Note: The net transfer of financial resources measures the total receipts of financial and other resource inflows from abroad and foreign investment income minus total resource outflows, including increases in foreign reserves and foreign investment income payments. See: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA), <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/system\/files\/official-document\/wesp2010pr_en.pdf\">World Economic Situation and Prospects 2010<\/a>, New York: 2010, table III.1, p. 73.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn11\">[11] Dev Kar and Sarah Freitas, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/gfintegrity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/WEB-Illicit_Financial_Flows_from_Developing_Countries_over_the_Decade_Ending_2009.pdf\">Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries Over the Decade Ending 2009<\/a>, Global Financial Integrity, December 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn12\">[12]\u00a0Yash Tandon, Ending Aid Dependence, Fahamu, 2008.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn13\">[13]\u00a0Note: Technically, other forms of international redistribution could include loans provided by international institutions such as the IMF, as well as foreign direct investment and international trade.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn14\">[14]\u00a0Figures based on World Health Organization,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/global_burden_disease\/estimates_regional\/en\/index.html\">Cause-specific mortality: regional estimates for 2008<\/a>, Health Statistics and Health Information Systems, &lt;www.who.int\/healthinfo\/&gt; Note: Only communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional diseases have been considered for this analysis, referred to as \u2018Group I&#8217; causes by the WHO. Ninety six percent of all deaths from these causes occur in low- and middle-income countries and are considered largely preventable.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn15\">[15]\u00a0OECD data for 2011, op cit. In the case of the Netherlands, the 0.7% of GNI target was still reached despite sharp cuts to its aid budget in 2011, although further steep cuts are planned for 2013.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn16\">[16]\u00a0OECD data for 2011, op cit.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn17\">[17]\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn18\">[18]\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn19\">[19]\u00a0OECD iLibrary stats.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn20\">[20]\u00a0Roger C. Riddel, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/roger-c-riddell\/is-aid-working-is-this-right-question-to-be-asking\">Is aid working? Is this the right question to be asking?<\/a>&#8216;, OpenDemocracy, 20th November 2009, &lt;www.opendemocracy.net&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn21\">[21]\u00a0CONCORD, Lighten the Load: In a time of crisis, European aid has never been more important, 2009, p.28.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn22\">[22] ActionAid, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/actionaid.org\/publications\/2006\/real-aid-2-making-technical-assistance-work\">Real Aid 2: Making Technical Assistance Work<\/a>, 2006, p. 26.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn23\">[23]\u00a0Gilles Carbonnier and Milad Zarin-Nejadan,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.deza.admin.ch\/ressources\/resource_fr_168704.pdf\">Effets \u00e9conomiques de l&#8217;aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement en Suisse<\/a>, Etude2006, Berne: Direction du d\u00e9veloppement et de la coop\u00e9ration, 2008.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn24\">[24]\u00a0Romilly Greenhill and Patrick Watt, \u2018Real Aid: An Agenda for Making Aid Work&#8217;, ActionAid International, June 2005.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn25\">[25] ActionAid, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.actionaid.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/doc_lib\/real_aid_3.pdf\">Real Aid 3: Ending Aid Dependency<\/a>, September 2011, p. 44.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn16\">[26]\u00a0Jonathan Glennie, The Trouble With Aid: Why Less Could Mean More for Africa, Zed Books, 2008, pp. 108-110.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn27\">[27]\u00a0David Sogge, Give and Take: What&#8217;s the Matter with Foreign Aid?, Zed Books, 2002.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn28\">[28]\u00a0Alberto Alesina and David Dollar, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/pirate.shu.edu\/~gokcekom\/Dollar_and_Alesina.pdf\">Who gives foreign aid to whom and why?<\/a>&#8216;, Journal of Economic Growth, 5 (1), 2000, pp. 33-63.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn29\">[29]\u00a0Food and Agriculture Organisation,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/009\/a0800e\/a0800e00.HTM\">State of Food and Agriculture 2006 &#8211; Food Aid for Food Security?<\/a>, Rome, 2006.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn30\">[30] Frederic Mousseau, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/a0800e\/a0800e00.htm\">Food Aid or Food Sovereignty? Ending World Hunger in our Time<\/a>, Oakland Institute, 2005.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn31\">[31] Sophia Murphy, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iatp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/451_2_103590.pdf\">Food Aid Emergency<\/a>, IATP, August 7, 2008.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn32\">[32] Katarina Wahlberg, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Food_Aid_for_the_Hungry_January_2008.pdf\">Food Aid for the Hungry<\/a>, Global Policy Forum, January 2008, p.4<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn33\">[33]\u00a0ActionAid, Real Aid 3, op cit, pp. 17-18.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn34\">[34]\u00a0Ibid. See: Table of 20 Most Aid Dependent Countries in 2000 and 2009, p. 20.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn35\">[35] United Nations, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/millenniumgoals\/pdf\/(2011_E)%20MDG%20Report%202011_Book%20LR.pdf\">The Millennium Development Goals Report 2011<\/a>, New York, 2011, p. 59.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn36\">[36]\u00a0See Poverty in Focus,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ipc-undp.org\/pub\/IPCPovertyInFocus19.pdf\">The MDGs and Beyond: Pro-Poor Policy in a Changing World<\/a>, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, Poverty Practice, Bureau for Development Policy, UNDP, Number 19, January 2010.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn37\">[37] ActionAid, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.actionaid.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/doc_lib\/real_aid_3.pdf\">Real Aid 3: Ending Aid Dependency<\/a>, September 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn38\">[38]\u00a0ONE, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.one.org\/c\/international\/pressrelease\/4258\/\">Aid figures reveal worrying trend<\/a>&#8216;, Press release, 4th April 2012.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn39\">[39]\u00a0OECD,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/webnet.oecd.org\/oda2011\/\">Net ODA &#8211; ODA\/GNI in 2011<\/a>, &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/webnet.oecd.org\/oda2011&gt;\">http:\/\/webnet.oecd.org\/oda2011&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn40\">[40]\u00a0Oxfam,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/policy\/21st-century-aid\">21st Century Aid: Recognising Success and Tackling Failure, April 2010<\/a>, p. 48. See note 164 for calculation, based on 2005 levels of extreme poverty and cost estimates for meeting the Millennium Development Goals.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn41\">[41]\u00a0Economic Affairs Committee,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/ld201012\/ldselect\/ldeconaf\/278\/27802.htm\">The Economic Impact and Effectiveness of Development Aid<\/a>, 20th March 2012, &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.parliament.uk&gt;\">www.parliament.uk&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn42\">[42]\u00a0Oxfam, First global aid cut in 14 years&#8230;, op cit.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn43\">[43] WorldPublicOpinion.org, \u2018<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/worldpublicopinion.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/ForeignAid_Nov10_quaire.pdf\">American Public Opinion on Foreign Aid Questionnaire<\/a>&#8216;, 30th November 2010; The ONE Campaign,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I8ybGVSCckc&amp;feature=player_embedded#!\">UK Aid: View from the street<\/a>, 6th June 2011, &lt;www.youtube.com&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn44\">[44] Jonathan Glennie, \u2018<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/poverty-matters\/2010\/oct\/19\/development-spending-cut-mistake\">Rich Countries Should Be Increasing, Not Reducing, Aid<\/a>&#8216;, The Guardian, 21st October 2010.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn45\">[45]\u00a0The Brandt Commission, North-South: A Programme for Survival, MIT Press, 1980.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn46\">[46] Network of Spiritual Progressives, \u2018<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/nsppbc.org\/gmp___a_good_read\">The Global Marshall Plan: A National Security strategy of Generosity and Care<\/a>&#8216;, &lt;www.spiritualprogressives.org&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn47\">[47] ActionAid, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/actionaid.org\/publications\/2006\/real-aid-2-making-technical-assistance-work\">Real Aid 2: Making Technical Assistance Work<\/a>, 2006, see box 2, p. 18.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn48\">[48]\u00a0For example, see: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unrisd.org\/publications\/cpi\">Combating Poverty and Inequality: Structural Change, Social Policy and Politics<\/a>, Geneva: 3rd September 2010.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn49\">[49] Deborah Itriago, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu\/wps\/oxfam\/0023477\/f_0023477_19219.pdf\">Progressive Taxation: Towards fair tax policies<\/a>, Oxfam International, September 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn50\">[50]\u00a0For example, in 1980 the Brandt Commission said the time had already passed for aid to be raised through some sort of automatic mechanism. See Roger C. Riddell, Does Foreign Aid Really Work?, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 398.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn51\">[51]\u00a0For example, see: Valpy FitzGerald, \u2018Global capital markets, direct taxation and the redistribution of income&#8217;, Oxford University, First draft of paper presented to the conference \u2018Economic Policies of the New Thinking in Economics&#8217; at St Catherine&#8217;s College, Cambridge, 14th April 2011.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Image credit: <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nrc.no\/news\/2025\/july\/afghanistan-returns-from-iran\">Maisam Shafiey<\/a>, NRC<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u300c\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u51fa\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u300d\u304b\u3089\u306e\u3053\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u6975\u8ca7\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u6b73\u5165\u304b\u3089\u50c5\u304b\u3057\u304b\u5206\u914d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u306b\u306f\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8ad6\u8b70\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u306e\u5927\u6539\u9769\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5bdb\u5927\u306a\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":21635,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"slim_seo":{"title":"\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u51fa\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30c83\uff085\uff09: \u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u5897\u984d - Share the Worlds Resources","description":"\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u300c\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u51fa\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u300d\u304b\u3089\u306e\u3053\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u6975\u8ca7\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u6b73\u5165\u304b\u3089\u50c5\u304b\u3057\u304b\u5206\u914d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u306b\u306f\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8ad6\u8b70\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u306e\u5927\u6539\u9769\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5bdb\u5927\u306a\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002"}},"add-to-page-listing":[],"alternative-language":[],"hide-post":[],"topic":[33,34,36,38],"coauthors":[43],"class_list":["post-5536","report","type-report","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","topic-global-governance-ja","topic-inequality-ja","topic-new-economic-paradigms-ja","topic-poverty-and-hunger-ja"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/report\/5536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/report"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/report"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"add-to-page-listing","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/add-to-page-listing?post=5536"},{"taxonomy":"alternative-language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/alternative-language?post=5536"},{"taxonomy":"hide-post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hide-post?post=5536"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=5536"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}