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[\u53c2\u8003\u56f311]\u3002<a href=\"#ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f8c\u9000\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u5206\u914d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5927\u534a\u304c\u5927\u8fb2\u5834\u3068\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u8fb2\u5834\u55b6\u696d\u3092\u304a\u308d\u305d\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u306a\u4f8b\u306fEU\u306e\u5171\u901a\u8fb2\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7523\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u516c\u6b63\u306a\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6e96\u3092\u4fdd\u969c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u5b9f\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53ce\u5165\u63f4\u52a9\u306e80\uff05\u3042\u305f\u308a\u304c\u6700\u3082\u88d5\u798f\u306a20\uff05\u306e\u8fb2\u5834\u306e\u61d0\u306b\u5165\u308a\u307e\u3059 &#8211; \u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u3068\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u4f01\u696d\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn4\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/share.in-site-dev.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/figure_11.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">EU\u306f\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u53d7\u53d6\u4eba\u3092\u516c\u8868\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u76e3\u8996\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u5168\u4f53\u30672010\u5e74\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082100\u4e07\u30e6\u30fc\u30ed\uff0813\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c1130\u306e\u652f\u6255\u3044\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5927\u8fb2\u5834\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn5\">[5]<\/a> CAP\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8fb2\u5834\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u5e74\u9593\u304a\u3088\u305d550\u5104\u30e6\u30fc\u30ed\uff08740\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\uff09\u3001EU\u306e\u5e74\u9593\u4e88\u7b97\u7dcf\u984d\u306e40\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u5360\u3081\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001<a href=\"#ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u8fb2\u696d\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u5168\u4f53\u30672\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u5360\u3081\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306f\u3001\u50c5\u304b38\uff05\u306e\u8fb2\u5834\u306e\u307f\u304c\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\uff1b2011\u5e74\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8fb2\u5834\u306e\u30c8\u30c3\u30d710\uff05\u304c\u5168\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e75\uff05\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn7\">[7]<\/a> 2770\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u304c1995\u5e74\u304b\u30892011\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u652f\u6255\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306e62\uff05\u304c\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u652f\u6255\u3044\u3092\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f[\u88685\u53c2\u7167]\u3002<a href=\"#ftn8\">[8]\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u7af6\u4e89\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u60aa\u6226\u82e6\u95d8\u3059\u308b\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u5bb6\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u7834\u7523\u306b\u8ffd\u3044\u8fbc\u3080\u652f\u6255\u3044\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8ca0\u50b5\u3092\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u62b1\u3048\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u571f\u5730\u306f\u6700\u3082\u88d5\u798f\u306a\u5927\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306e\u571f\u5730\u306b\u6574\u7406\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u306f1999\u5e74\u3060\u3051\u306720\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u304c\u8fb2\u696d\u3092\u8ae6\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u30e6\u30fc\u30ed\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u8abf\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001EU\u306f2003\u5e74\u304b\u30892010\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\u306b300\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u8fb2\u5834\u3092\u5931\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u5730\u65b9\u306e\u5bb6\u65cf\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u610f\u601d\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u306b\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u6050\u3089\u304f1\u65e51000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8fb2\u5834\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn11\">[11]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3067\u306f1997\u5e74\u304b\u30892002\u5e74\u306e5\u5e74\u9593\u30672000\u30a8\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8fb2\u5834\u304c9\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u65b9\u30672000\u30a8\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8fb2\u5834\u306f3600\u30a8\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u5834\u306f\u8fb2\u6751\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u591a\u304f\u306eOECD\u8af8\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u3092\u96c7\u7528\u3057\u5927\u91cf\u306e\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u3092\u751f\u7523\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u6a5f\u68b0\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8cc7\u672c\u96c6\u7d04\u578b\u8fb2\u696d\u55b6\u696d\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u8fb2\u696d\u652f\u63f4\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6c38\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u6557\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u5bb6\u65cf\u7d4c\u55b6\u8fb2\u5834\u306e\u9589\u9396\u3001\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u571f\u5730\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u304a\u3088\u3073\u751f\u7523\u306e\u96c6\u4e2d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u305f\u793e\u4f1a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u7834\u58ca\u3092\u3082\u6fc0\u5316\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002OECD\u304b\u3089\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u751f\u7523\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u7523\u696d\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4f7f\u7528\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u5916\u90e8\u8cc7\u672c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8cea\u6295\u5165\u306b\u5927\u5909\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u571f\u58cc\u4fb5\u98df\u3001\u5869\u985e\u5316\u3001\u8fb2\u85ac\u6c5a\u67d3\u3001\u7a92\u7d20\u3092\u591a\u91cf\u306b\u542b\u3093\u3060\u8fb2\u696d\u6392\u6c34\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6c5a\u67d3\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u904e\u5270\u4f7f\u7528\u306a\u3069\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u52a3\u5316\u304c\u4ed8\u968f\u3057\u3066\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u3001\u755c\u7523\u696d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6f01\u696d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u30ac\u30b9\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u306e\u6b86\u3069\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u5de5\u696d\u578b\u8fb2\u696d\u3078\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3001\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u67af\u6e07\u306e\u4ee3\u511f\u306f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u5916\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f71\u97ff<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7c73\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u3001\u3068\u3046\u3082\u308d\u3053\u3057\u3001\u9ea6\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5927\u8c46\u306a\u3069\u306e\u300c\u63db\u91d1\u4f5c\u7269\u300d\u306e\u904e\u5270\u751f\u7523\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u83ab\u5927\u91cf\u304c\u56fd\u969b\u5546\u54c1\u5e02\u5834\u3067\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u306a\u4f4e\u4fa1\u683c\u3067\u58f2\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u53d6\u5f15\u898f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u5bb6\u306f\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u306e\u5e02\u5834\u306b\u6ea2\u308c\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8f38\u5165\u54c1\u3088\u308a\u5b89\u3044\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u3092\u751f\u7523\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u300c\u98df\u7269\u6295\u3052\u6368\u3066\u300d\u306f &#8211; \u4f59\u5270\u304c\u751f\u7523\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u58f2\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6642 &#8211; \u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u306a\u4f4e\u4fa1\u683c\u306b\u6253\u3061\u52dd\u3066\u305a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u7ce7\u3092\u5931\u3046\u5730\u5143\u306e\u8fb2\u5bb6\u306e\u55b6\u307f\u3092\u8755\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6b27\u5dde\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306e\u5e02\u5834\u5360\u6709\u7387\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5897\u5927\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u5148\u9032\u8af8\u56fd\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u98df\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3078\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3078\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u3044\u307e\u3060\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u306b\u5b89\u3044\u8f38\u51fa\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306b\u591a\u5927\u306a\u5bb3\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u30a2\u30ca\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \u30b8\u30e3\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30d9\u30eb\u30c6\u30ed\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u5834\u3067\u58f2\u3089\u308c\u308bEU\u306e\u755c\u7523\u7269\u306f\u5e73\u57472006\u5e74\u304b\u30892008\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u671f\u9593\u305d\u306e\u8f38\u51fa\u306e3\u5206\u306e1\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn15\">[15]<\/a> 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none;\">\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u6a5f\u69cb\uff08WTO\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ea4\u6e09\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u652f\u6255\u4ea4\u4ed8\u91d1\u306e\u5206\u985e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u53d6\u5f15\u3092\u6b6a\u3081\u6295\u3052\u6368\u3066\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u7279\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u904e\u5270\u751f\u7523\u4fc3\u9032\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306b\u88ab\u5bb3\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u652f\u6255\u4ea4\u4ed8\u91d1\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3092\u300c\u8a31\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5206\u985e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn17\">[17]<\/a> WTO\u5354\u5b9a\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u5e02\u5834\u3078\u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306e\u751f\u7523\u7269\u8f38\u51fa\u306e\u969c\u58c1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3001\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u3078\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u95a2\u7a0e\u306e\u5b58\u7d9a\u3092\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u306b\u8a31\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u5371\u6a5f\u306f\u3001\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u95a2\u7a0e\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u524a\u6e1b\u3057\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u306b\u5b89\u4fa1\u306a\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u304b\u3089\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a31\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3001\u4e8c\u56fd\u9593\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5730\u57df\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u5b9a\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u307e\u3059[\u3053\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f310 \u95a2\u7a0e\u3092\u53c2\u7167]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u4e0d\u5f53\u306aOECD\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3068\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u5b9a\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u3067\u53ce\u5165\u304a\u3088\u3073\u96c7\u7528\u306e\u640d\u5931\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u304c\u571f\u5730\u3092\u624b\u653e\u3057\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3067\u300c\u8fb2\u6751\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u79fb\u52d5\u300d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u8005\u306e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u306e\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u884c\u304d\u7740\u304d\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u307e\u305f\u306f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u304c\u7686\u7121\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u8cbf\u6613\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u6c38\u7d9a\u3055\u305b\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u6700\u3082\u8ca7\u3057\u3044\u751f\u7523\u8005\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u8755\u3080\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u6700\u3082\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u74b0\u5883\u52a3\u5316\u306e\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3001\u4e0d\u5f53\u3067\u6301\u7d9a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5b58\u7d9a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306bOECD\u8af8\u56fd\u304c\u4f55\u5341\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3082\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u306f\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6539\u9769\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/share.in-site-dev.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/table_5.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4>\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u9769<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u5e7e\u5206\u304b\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u8fb2\u696d\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u3001\u7279\u306b\u65b0\u8208\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306fOECD\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3044\u307e\u3060\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059[\u6ce8\u91c8\u53c2\u7167]\u3002<a href=\"#ftn19\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0\u6b86\u3069\u306e\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306f\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u751f\u7523\u8005\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u3084WTO\u4ea4\u6e09\u5185\u3067\u306e\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3092\u5f85\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3001\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u52aa\u529b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306fOECD\u8af8\u56fd\u306b\u72d9\u3044\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6700\u512a\u5148\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u652f\u63f4\u304c\u6700\u9ad8\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305d\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u6700\u3082\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6700\u5927\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u68da\u307c\u305f\u5f0f\u5229\u76ca\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306e\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u3068\u7c73\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u3046\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u904e\u5270\u751f\u7523\u3068\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u306b\u5b89\u4fa1\u306a\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u306e\u8f38\u51fa\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u98df\u7269\u306e\u6295\u3052\u6368\u3066\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u8fb2\u6751\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u8457\u3057\u304f\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53ce\u5165\u5897\u5927\u3068\u98df\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u306e\u6539\u5584\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u300c\u60aa\u3044\u300d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u3042\u308b\u76ee\u6a19\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u76f8\u5f53\u306b\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002Green Scissors\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3082\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306e\u4f01\u696d\u798f\u7949\u306b\u7121\u99c4\u9063\u3044\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7c73\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5e74\u9593110\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<a href=\"#ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u3082\u3057OECD\u8af8\u56fd\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u56fd\u5185\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u5e73\u574750\uff05\u524a\u6e1b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306a\u3089\u30011870\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u52df\u308a\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u98df\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046 [\u4e0b\u8a18\u3092\u53c2\u7167]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u554f\u984c\u306a\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5834\u6240\u3067\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u5bb6\u306f\u98df\u6599\u751f\u7523\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8fb2\u6751\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u516c\u5171\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u304b\u3089\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u300c\u826f\u3044\u300d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u3068\u30a2\u30b0\u30ed\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u7d4c\u55b6\u3078\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u6b8b\u308a\u3092\u5411\u3051\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066OECD\u8af8\u56fd\u3067\u5897\u5927\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u652f\u6255\u3044\u3092\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u4f01\u696d\u304b\u3089\u5411\u3051\u76f4\u3057\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u5185\u306e\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u7d4c\u55b6\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u3092\u571f\u5730\u306b\u7559\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u3001\u6d3b\u6c17\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u305f\u8fb2\u6751\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3057\u3001\u571f\u58cc\u4fdd\u5168\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7dca\u6025\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b21\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u306e\u73fe\u5b9f\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u98df\u6599\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u3001\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u306f\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5371\u6a5f\u89e3\u6c7a\u3078\u306e\u7b54\u3048\u306e\u3054\u304f\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u98df\u6599\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u6539\u9769\u304c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4ed8\u968f\u305b\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u56e3\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u300c\u98df\u6599\u4e3b\u6a29\u300d\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u3088\u308a\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u5730\u57df\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u5b9a\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7dca\u6025\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn21\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u98df\u6599\u81ea\u7d66\u7387\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u3068OECD\u8af8\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u53cc\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8f38\u5165\u3078\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u4fa1\u683c\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u751f\u7523\u3092\u898f\u5236\u3057\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5546\u54c1\u4fa1\u683c\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f9b\u7d66\u7ba1\u7406\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u5e83\u3044\u5b9f\u65bd\u3092\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u96c7\u7528\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u5316\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6539\u5584\u3092\u653f\u7b56\u304c\u72d9\u3046\u3079\u304dOECD\u8af8\u56fd\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u3001\u8fb2\u6751\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8fb2\u696d\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u304c\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u306b\u652f\u63f4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn22\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"blockquote\">\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6b73\u5165\u304c\u52d5\u54e1\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u308b\u304b<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">OECD\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u8457\u3057\u3044\u5272\u5408\u304c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u4f01\u696d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5de5\u696d\u578b\u8fb2\u696d\u7d4c\u55b6\u3078\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u56fd\u5185\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u5927\u5e45\u306a\u524a\u6e1b\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u306f\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u3001\u904e\u5270\u751f\u7523\u3068\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u306b\u5b89\u4fa1\u306a\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u8f38\u51fa\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\uff08\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">OECD\u8af8\u56fd\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u5e73\u574750\uff05\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u524a\u6e1b\u306f1870\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u8abf\u9054\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3068\u98df\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u62e1\u5927\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u98df\u6599\u4e3b\u6a29\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8fb2\u696d\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u6539\u9769\u3068\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u751f\u7523\u8005\u3068\u30a2\u30b0\u30ed\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u7d4c\u55b6\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5411\u3051\u76f4\u3055\u308c\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">OECD\u8fb2\u696d\u652f\u63f4\u7dcf\u8a0850\uff05\u524a\u6e1b\uff1d\u5e74\u95931870\u5104\u30c9\u30eb[\u6ce8\u91c8\u53c2\u7167]<a href=\"#ftn23\">[23]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">* * * * * * * *<\/h3>\n<p class=\"blockquote\"><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u8fb2\u5834\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u4f53\u5236\u306e\u4fee\u5fa9<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">1995\u5e74\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u6a5f\u69cb\u5354\u5b9a\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8fb2\u696d\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u4ee5\u6765\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u8cbf\u6613\u4ea4\u6e09\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u969c\u5bb3\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<em>\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5354\u5b9a<\/em>\uff08AoA\uff09\u306f\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u95a2\u7a0e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u305f\u308f\u3089\u3001\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u304c\u8cc4\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u83ab\u5927\u306a\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u304c\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306b\u6255\u3044\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a31\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u56e3\u4f53\u306b\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001AoA\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u5e02\u5834\u3067\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u304c\u65e2\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4e0d\u5229\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3084\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u7af6\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u306e\u969c\u58c1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u616e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u3092\u5de1\u3063\u305f\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u4ea4\u6e09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u3068\u7c73\u56fd\u9593\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53cc\u65b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u8ad6\u4e89\u304c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">2001\u5e74\u306e\u8cbf\u6613\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4f1a\u8b70\u30c9\u30fc\u30cf\u300c\u958b\u767a\u300d\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u306f30\u5104\u4eba\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c1\u65e52\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u5f37\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u305f\u308f\u3089\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u306a\u725b\u306f\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u306f\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u554f\u984c\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn24\">[24]<\/a> 2003\u5e74\u30ab\u30f3\u30af\u30f3\u95a3\u50da\u4f1a\u8b70\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e2d\u56fd\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3060\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7523\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8f38\u51fa\u56fd\u306e\u6570\u30ab\u56fd\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7387\u3044\u3089\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u300cG21\u300d\uff0821\u30ab\u56fd\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\uff09\u304c\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u304a\u3088\u3073\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u5ec3\u6b62\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn25\">[25]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u7279\u306b\u7c73\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u524a\u6e1b\u306b\u4e57\u308a\u6c17\u3067\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u306e\u5229\u5bb3\u95a2\u4fc2\u8005\u3092\u6e80\u8db3\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8fb2\u696d\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f &#8211; \u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u5148\u884c\u3057\u305f2002\u5e74\u7c73\u56fd\u8fb2\u696d\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u3078\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u304a\u3088\u305d\u500d\u306b\u3057\u3001<a href=\"#ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u305d\u3057\u30662008\u5e74\u30015\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u518d\u3073\u5897\u5927\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u7c73\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u53cc\u65b9\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306f\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u7279\u306b2006\u5e74\u5f8c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u98df\u6599\u4fa1\u683c\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u3078\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u4f4e\u4fa1\u683c\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56fd\u3005\u3067\u306f\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u7dcf\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306f\u6b86\u3069\u306eOECD\u8af8\u56fd\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u304b\u306a\u308a\u9ad8\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u8cbf\u6613\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u30dc\u30af\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30de\u30c3\u30c1\u300d\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">WTO\u95a3\u50da\u4f1a\u8b70\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u7d4c\u6e08\u5927\u56fd\u300d\u306e\u304a\u6c17\u306b\u5165\u308a\u306e\u6226\u8853\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u308a\u3080\u3057\u308d\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8fb2\u696d\u652f\u6255\u4ea4\u4ed8\u91d1\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff08\u30a4\u30ab\u30b5\u30de\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u300c\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u96a0\u305b\u300d\uff09\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn28\">[28]<\/a>\u00a0 \u8cbf\u6613\u307e\u305f\u306f\u751f\u7523\u306e\u6b6a\u307f\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u3068\u3069\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u305f &#8211; \u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u4ea4\u4ed8\u91d1\u306f\u3001WTO\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u4e88\u7b97\u5236\u9650\u304b\u3089\u514d\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e10\u5206\u306e9\u3001<a href=\"#ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u6700\u9ad8\u984d\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u4ea4\u4ed8\u91d1\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5de8\u5927\u3055\u3086\u3048\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u6700\u3082\u751f\u7523\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5927\u8fb2\u5834\u3078\u306e\u96c6\u4e2d\u3086\u3048\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u3092\u6b6a\u3081\u4f59\u5270\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u6301\u3061\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3068\u610f\u7fa9\u3092\u5531\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn31\">[31]<\/a> 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none;\">\u5f93\u3063\u3066WTO\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3042\u308b\u524a\u6e1b\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u67d0\u4f53\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u524a\u6e1b\u306e\u5408\u610f\u3078\u306e\u5931\u6557\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30fc\u30cf\u30fb\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u958b\u59cb\u4ee5\u67652008\u5e747\u6708\u306e\u30b8\u30e5\u30cd\u30fc\u30d6\u4f1a\u8b70\u306e\u6c7a\u88c2\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3060\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306eWTO\u4ea4\u6e09\u306e\u884c\u304d\u8a70\u307e\u308a\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u7406\u7531\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001WTO\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u3068\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u4ea4\u6e09\u30dd\u30b8\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u300cBig Ag\u300d\u30ed\u30d3\u30fc\u306b\u30c1\u30e3\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u3059\u308b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u304c\u50c5\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3001OECD\u8af8\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u56fd\u5185\u8fb2\u696d\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u304c\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u3068\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u3092\u57fa\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u4f55\u5343\u4eba\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30ed\u30d3\u30fc\u30a4\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u8b70\u4f1a\u8b70\u54e1\u3084\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u306e\u6570\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3001\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3088\u308a\u512a\u5148\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Big Ag\u306e\u611a\u304b\u3055<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u65ad\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306a\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u6539\u9769\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u5bb6\u65cf\u7d4c\u55b6\u8fb2\u5834\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u3068\u3088\u308a\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u516c\u76ca\u4fc3\u9032\u304b\u3089\u88dc\u52a9\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u308b\u7279\u6a29\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u95a2\u4fc2\u8005\u3092\u3001\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u3068\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u6848\u8005\u306f\u6709\u5229\u306b\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u904b\u52d5\u56e3\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u5834\u3068\u5bb6\u65cf\u55b6\u696d\u306e\u7267\u5834\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30bb\u30fc\u30d5\u30c6\u30a3\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304b\u305f\u308f\u3089\u30c8\u30a6\u30e2\u30ed\u30b3\u30b7\u3001\u5927\u8c46\u3001\u7c73\u3001\u7dbf\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5c0f\u9ea6\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u751f\u7523\u652f\u63f4\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3044\u307e\u3060\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn34\">[34]\u00a0<\/a>\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6539\u9769\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5171\u901a\u8fb2\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff08CAP\uff09\u3078\u306e\u6b27\u5dde\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u63d0\u6848\u3092\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u958b\u767a\u7fa9\u52d9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u53ca\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u7701\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn35\">[35]<\/a> CAP\u6539\u9769\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9577\u671f\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u306e\u5916\u90e8\u306e\u5074\u9762\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u3068\u98df\u6599\u4e0d\u5b89\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3078\u306e\u305d\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn36\">[36]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u8fb2\u696d\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u6295\u5165\u96c6\u7d04\u578b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8f38\u51fa\u4e3b\u5c0e\u578b\u306e\u5de5\u696d\u578b\u751f\u7523\u8005\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u306e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u518d\u5206\u914d\u306e\u4e00\u756a\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u306b\u5411\u3051\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3082\u3057\u4e16\u754c\u304c\u8ca7\u56f0\u8005\u306b\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u771f\u5263\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3089\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7121\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u72a0\u7272\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5371\u6a5f\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3067\u6700\u3082\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u4f01\u696d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6700\u3082\u88d5\u798f\u306a\u5730\u4e3b\u306b\u7a0e\u7d0d\u8005\u306e\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u6e21\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u306b\u3082\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u306b\u3082\u9053\u7406\u306b\u5408\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">OECD\u8af8\u56fd\u3067\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306e\u3042\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u524a\u6e1b\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u958b\u767a\u76ee\u6a19\u5145\u8db3\u3078\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u8a18\u3057\u3088\u308a\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u306b\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u8457\u3057\u304f\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u3088\u308a\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u518d\u751f\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u56fd\u5185\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6d77\u5916\u53cc\u65b9\u3067\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u56fd\u5185\u652f\u63f4\u306e\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u5411\u3051\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307f\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6539\u9769\u306f\u3001\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u56e3\u4f53\u3001\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u56e3\u4f53\u304a\u3088\u3073\u61f8\u5ff5\u3059\u308b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u5727\u529b\u306a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b914\uff1a\u8fb2\u696d\u306e\u65b0\u6642\u4ee3\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\"><i>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u300c\u98df\u6599\u3068\u958b\u767a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300c\u98df\u6599\u7b2c\u4e00 \u80cc\u666f\u8aac\u660e\u300d2008\u5e74\u590fVol 14, No 2 \u304b\u3089\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u629c\u7c8b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30f3\u30fb\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u4e0a\u7d1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u305d\u3057\u3066the Global Report of the IAASTD\u306e\u7b46\u982d\u8457\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30e3\u30fb\u30a4\u30b7\u30a4-\u30a8\u30a4\u30c6\u30de\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5168\u80cc\u666f\u8aac\u660e\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u304b\u3089\u306e\u629c\u7c8b\u3067\u3059\uff1a&lt;<\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/www.foodfirst.org\/en\/node\/2201\"><span style=\"-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: #01a6d6; -webkit-text-stroke-color: #01a6d6;\"><i>www.foodfirst.org<\/i><\/span><\/a><i>&gt;<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">2008\u5e744\u67087\u65e5\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u304c\u7a40\u7269\u5099\u84c4\u91cf\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3001\u98df\u6599\u4fa1\u683c\u6025\u4e0a\u6607\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u98df\u6599\u66b4\u52d5\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u6d78\u900f\u3057\u305f\u554f\u984c\u3078\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3092\u7dca\u6025\u306b\u63d0\u6848\u3059\u308b\u56fd\u9023\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3092\u63a1\u629e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u300161\u30ab\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u304c\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab \u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u30b9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306b\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u958b\u767a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\uff08IAASTD\uff09\u304c\u8cea\u554f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a\u6839\u5f37\u3044\u8ca7\u56f0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u98e2\u9913\u306e\u514b\u670d\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u3067\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u958b\u767a\u306e\u9054\u6210\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u74b0\u5883\u5371\u6a5f\u3092\u76ee\u524d\u306b\u3057\u3066\u751f\u7523\u7684\u3067\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u7dad\u6301\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u56fd\u9023\u74b0\u5883\u8a08\u753b\u3001\u98df\u7ce7\u8fb2\u696d\u6a5f\u95a2\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u958b\u767a\u8a08\u753b\uff1b\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\uff1b\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u30d5\u30a1\u30b7\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff1b\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u304c\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305fIAASTD\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8fb2\u696d\u3001\u98e2\u9913\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u3001\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u7d61\u307e\u3063\u305f\u554f\u984c\u3092\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u3001400\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306b\u3088\u308b4\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u306b\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30af\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30d6\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u8fb2\u696d\u9769\u547d\u3078\u306e\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u300c\u5e73\u5e38\u901a\u308a\u55b6\u696d\u306a\u3069\u3068\u3093\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068IAASTD \u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30bf\u30fc \u30ed\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30ef\u30c8\u30bd\u30f3\u306f\u8a00\u660e\u3057\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u98df\u6599\u8fb2\u696d\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3078\u306e\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u306b\u540c\u8abf\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff15\uff18\u30ab\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u662f\u8a8d\u3055\u308c2008\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u7d42\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u5de5\u696d\u578b\u8fb2\u696d\u306f\u4eba\u985e\u304c\u751f\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u62e0\u308a\u6240\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u52a3\u5316\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u6c34\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6c17\u5019\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3092\u8105\u304b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u7d44\u307f\u63db\u3048\u4f5c\u7269\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3060\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u6280\u8853\u7684\u5f25\u7e2b\u7b56\u3078\u306e\u65ad\u7d9a\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u306f\u3001\u6839\u5f37\u3044\u98e2\u9913\u524a\u6e1b\u3078\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u6cd5\u3068\u306a\u3089\u305a\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8ca7\u56f0\u3092\u5897\u52a0\u3055\u305b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306f\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3078\u306e\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u534a\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u6804\u990a\u5931\u8abf\u306e\u307e\u307e\u304a\u304d\u53bb\u308a\u306b\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">IAASTD\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u8ee2\u63db\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u3092\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u5f37\u5316\u3001\u30a2\u30b0\u30ed\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u3078\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u62e1\u5927\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u56fd\u969b\u8cbf\u6613\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u5c0e\u5165\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u518d\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u751f\u7523\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u8457\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u5730\u5143\u3068\u5148\u4f4f\u6c11\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u9769\u65b0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u516c\u5e73\u3067\u53c2\u52a0\u578b\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u5165\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u62e1\u5f35\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63d0\u8a00\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u512a\u3057\u3044\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u304c\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u56fd\u3068\u56fd\u6c11\u304c\u98df\u6599\u3068\u8fb2\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u305f\u521d\u3081\u3066\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u98df\u6599\u4e3b\u6a29\uff1a\u98df\u6599\u5371\u6a5f\u3078\u306e\u7b54\u3048<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u98df\u6599\u5371\u6a5f\u306f\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6fc0\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1a\u98df\u7528\u4f5c\u7269\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30b0\u30ed\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u7523\u3078\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u8ee2\u63db\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u6295\u6a5f\u306e\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u99c6\u308a\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4fa1\u683c\u5909\u52d5\u6027\u3001\u98df\u7fd2\u6163\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5929\u5019\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u751f\u7523\u54c1\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089IAASTD\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u306e\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u3044\u6839\u6e90\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u4f55\u5341\u5e74\u3082\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u8fb2\u696d\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u758e\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3001\u6975\u3081\u3066\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u306a\u8cbf\u6613\u898f\u5247\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u8af8\u56fd\u3078\u4f59\u5270\u98df\u6599\u3092\u5730\u5143\u306e\u751f\u7523\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4fa1\u683c\u3067\u6295\u3052\u6368\u3066\u308b\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u5de5\u696d\u578b\u8fb2\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u3078\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u4f9d\u5b58\u3068\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u8fb2\u6751\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8fb2\u696d\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u7834\u58ca\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u98df\u6599\u751f\u7523\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8cfc\u5165\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u5f31\u4f53\u5316\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u74b0\u5883\u6c5a\u67d3\u3084\u6c34\u306e\u67af\u6e07\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u5bb6\u9593\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u306e\u5dfb\u304d\u8fd4\u3057\u3001\u8fb2\u6751\u90e8\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u8cc7\u6e90\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u5f37\u5316\u3001\u3088\u308a\u516c\u5e73\u3067\u900f\u660e\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u5b9a\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u653f\u7b56\u5f62\u6210\u304a\u3088\u3073\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5730\u5143\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u62e1\u5927\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5730\u5143\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u5bb6\u98df\u6599\u4e3b\u6a29\u3078\u306e\u9053\u3092\u6574\u3048\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u98df\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u3057\u98df\u6599\u4e3b\u6a29\u3092\u627f\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u751f\u7523\u8005\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6392\u9664\u306e\u64a4\u5ec3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306f\u7d50\u8ad6\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u4e0d\u90fd\u5408\u306a\u771f\u5b9f<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">IAASTD\u306f\u5171\u901a\u30ac\u30d0\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5927\u80c6\u306a\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u5148\u884c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u56e3\u4f53\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6c11\u9593\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u3068\u4f75\u305b\u3066\uff09\u306f\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u3001\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u76e3\u7763\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ac\u30d0\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u5358\u72ec\u6d3b\u52d5\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u793e\u4f1a\u76ee\u6a19\u5145\u8db3\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b74\u53f2\u306f\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u9593\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6d3b\u767a\u306a\u53c2\u52a0\u304c\uff12\uff11\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30c1\u30e3\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u5145\u8db3\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092IAASTD\u306e\u6210\u529f\u306f\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">IAASTD\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u6848\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u306a\u8ee2\u63db\u306f\u73fe\u72b6\u306b\u30c1\u30e3\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b7\u30f3\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30bf\u306fIAASTD\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5408\u6210\u8fb2\u85ac\u304a\u3088\u3073\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u7d44\u307f\u63db\u3048\u88fd\u54c1\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u82e6\u60c5\u3092\u8a34\u3048\u7acb\u3061\u53bb\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7c73\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u98e2\u9913\u3068\u8ca7\u56f0\u7de9\u548c\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6b86\u3069\u306a\u306b\u3082\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u305f\u308f\u3089\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u30fb\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u8cbf\u6613\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7279\u306b\u53b3\u3057\u304f\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u7c73\u56fd\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ab\u30ca\u30c03\u56fd\u3060\u3051\u304c\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3092\u62d2\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6c17\u5019\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001IAASTD\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5de5\u696d\u578b\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6a29\u5a01\u8005\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5927\u56fd\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u300c\u4e0d\u90fd\u5408\u306a\u771f\u5b9f\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u616e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u8b66\u6212\u3059\u3079\u304d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5909\u52d5\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u904e\u9177\u306a\u8ca7\u56f0\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u52d5\u4e71\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u3092\u7a81\u304d\u3064\u3051\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u8fb2\u85ac\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u4f1a \u30af\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u304a\u3088\u3073\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u306f\u5909\u9769\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u58f0\u9ad8\u306b\u53cd\u8ad6\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8a73\u7d30\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u304b\u3089\uff1a &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.panna.org\/jt\/agAssessment\">www.panna.org\/jt\/agAssessment<\/a>&gt;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u5168IAASTD\u6587\u66f8\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u304b\u3089\uff1a<\/span>\u00a0&lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.agassessment.org\/\">www.agassessment.org<\/a>&gt;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"blockquote\">\u3055\u3089\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3088\u3046<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/capreform.eu\/\">Capreform.eu<\/a>: A sister project to farmsubsidy.org, working to bring greater transparency and accountability to the Common Agricultural Policy. &lt;www.capreform.eu&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.farmsubsidy.org\/\">Farmsubsidy.org<\/a>: With the European Union spending around \u20ac55bn a year on farm subsidies, this website helps people find out who gets what, and why. &lt;www.farmsubsidy.org&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books\/about\/Food_Rebellions.html?id=llUqAQAAIAAJ\">Food Rebellions &#8211; Crisis and the Hunger for Justice<\/a>: A book by Eric Holt-Giminez and Raj Patel on the real story behind the world food crisis and what we can do about it, published by Pambazuka Press, 2009.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books\/about\/The_Global_Food_Economy.html?id=yxLblqMoBiEC\">The Global Food Economy &#8211; The Battle for the Future of Farming<\/a>:\u00a0 A book by Tony Weis that examines the contradictions of the current food economy, how such a system came about, and how it is being enforced by the WTO. Published by Zed Books, 2007.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/global-subsidies-initiative\">Global Subsidies Initiative<\/a>: Putting a spotlight on subsidies &#8211; transfers of public money to private interests &#8211; and how they undermine efforts to put the world economy on a path toward sustainable development. &lt;www.iisd.org\/gsi&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/greenscissors.com\/\">Green Scissors 2011<\/a>: A coalition of environmental, taxpayer and consumer groups identify US government subsidies that are damaging to the environment and waste taxpayer dollars.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.greenscissors.com\/\">www.greenscissors.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2018<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfamamerica.org\/explore\/research-publications\/growing-a-better-future\/\">Growing a Better Future: Food Justice in a Resource Constrained World<\/a>&#8216;: A report published in May 2011 by Oxfam to launch their new campaign with a simple message:\u00a0that another food system is possible. &lt;www.oxfam.org\/en\/grow\/reports\/growing-better-future&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.agassessment.org\/index.cfm?Page=Overview&amp;ItemID=3\">IAASTD<\/a>: A three-year collaborative effort (2005-2007) that assessed agricultural knowledge, science and technology for development, with respect to meeting development and sustainability goals of reducing hunger and poverty, improving nutrition, health and rural livelihoods, and facilitating social and environmental sustainability. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.agassessment.org&gt;\">www.agassessment.org&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ictsd.org\/programmes\/agriculture\/\">International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD)<\/a>: A Geneva-based organisation with a programme on agricultural trade and sustainable development that seeks to promote food security, equity and environmental sustainability in agricultural trade. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ictsd.org\/programmes\/agriculture&gt;\">www.ictsd.org\/programmes\/agriculture&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iatp.org\/about\">Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP)<\/a>: A think-tank and campaign organisation based in Minnesota, U.S., that works locally and globally at the intersection of policy and practice to ensure fair and sustainable food, farm and trade systems. &lt;www.iatp.org&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/just-trade.org\/\">Just Trade?!<\/a>\u00a0An NGO project that advocates for greater policy coherence between EU development and trade policy, with a view to promoting equitable and sustainable development. &lt;www.just-trade.org&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/nffc.net\">National Family Farm Coalition<\/a>: A non-profit organisation that represents US family farm and rural groups to secure a sustainable, economically just, healthy, safe and secure food and farm system. &lt;www.nffc.net&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/capreform.eu\">Reform the CAP<\/a>: Another resource for all those interested in reforming the EU&#8217;s Common Agricultural Policy, helping to foster a better understanding of what is at stake and how to shape the future CAP. &lt;www.reformthecap.eu&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ukfg.org.uk\/\">The UK Food Group<\/a>: The principal UK network for non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working on global food and agriculture issues, holding a vision of a more just, sustainable and fairer food system in which hunger has been eradicated, equity realised and the environment restored. &lt;www.ukfg.org.uk&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/farm.ewg.org\/region.php\">US Farm Subsidy Database<\/a>: Mapping the issue of skewed pay-outs to America&#8217;s largest and richest farms, by the Environmental Working Group. &lt;www.farm.ewg.org&gt;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.4em;\">Notes:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn1\">[1]\u00a0Note: according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, 925 were classified as hungry in 2011. But an unparalleled number of severe food shortages has added 43 million to this figure in 2012.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">[2]\u00a0International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.agassessment.org\/index.cfm?Page=IAASTD%20Reports&amp;ItemID=2713\">Agriculture at a Crossroads: Synthesis Report<\/a>, United Nations, Washington D.C., 2009.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn3\">[3] OECD, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/2011\/09\/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2011_g1g12e88.html\">Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2011: OECD Countries and Emerging Economies<\/a>, September 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn4\">[4] Philippe Legrain, \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/lisboncouncil.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/LISBON_COUNCIL_Beyond_CAP_eBrief09.pdf\">Beyond CAP: Why the EU Budget Needs Reform<\/a>&#8216;, The Lisbon Council e-brief, Issue 09, 2010, &lt;www.lisboncouncil.net&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn5\">[5]\u00a0Farmsubsidy.org,\u00a02011 Farm Subsidy Data Harvest: Millionaires and Missing Money, 10th May 2011, accessed October 2011, &lt;www.farmsubsidy.org&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn6\">[6]\u00a0Farmsubsidy.org,\u00a0Let The Sunshine In, 23rd September 2011, accessed October 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn7\">[7]\u00a0Environmental Working Group,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/farm.ewg.org\/region.php?fips=00000&amp;regname=UnitedStatesFarmSubsidySummary\">2012 Farm Subsidy Database<\/a>, The United States Summary Information, accessed August 2012, &lt;www.farm.ewg.org&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn8\">[8]\u00a0Ibid. See also \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/farm.ewg.org\/farms_by_state.php\">Farms Getting Government Payments, By State, according to the 2007 USDA Census of Agriculture<\/a>&#8216;, compiled from 2007 Census of Agriculture, April 2010, &lt;www.farm.ewg.org&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn9\">[9]\u00a0John Vidal, \u2018Global trade focuses on exodus from the land&#8217;, The Guardian, 28th February 2001.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn10\">[10]\u00a0Eurostat Communique de presse, \u2018Le nombre d&#8217;exploitations agricoles a diminu\u00e9 de 20% dans l&#8217;UE27 entre 2003 et 2010&#8242;, 11 Octobre 2011, &lt;www.epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn11\">[11]\u00a0Eric Holt-Giminez and Raj Patel, Food Rebellions: Crisis and the Hunger for Justice, Pambazuka Press, 2009, p. 66.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn12\">[12]\u00a0Mark Ritchie, Sophia Murphy and Mary Beth Lake,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iatp.org\/documents\/us-dumping-on-world-agricultural-markets-february-2004-update\">United States Dumping on World Agricultural Markets: February 2004 Update<\/a>, Cancun Series Paper no. 1, Minneapolis: Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn13\">[13] UK Food Group, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukfg.org.uk\/2010\/securing-future-food-towards-ecological-food-provision\/\">Securing future food: towards ecological food provision<\/a>, January 2010, pp. 4-8.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn14\">[14] International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.files.ethz.ch\/isn\/109469\/ensuring_trade_policy5.pdf\">Ensuring trade policy supports food security goals<\/a>, ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development, November 2009.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn15\">[15] Jaques Berthelot, \u2018The EU-15 dumping of animal products on average from 2006 to 2008&#8242;, Solidarit\u00e9, February 2011. Quoted in Thomas Fritz, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tni.org\/files\/download\/CAPpaper-draft_0.pdf\">Globalising Hunger: Food security and the EU&#8217;s Common Agricultural Policy<\/a>, Transnational Institute et al, November 2011, section 4.3.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn16\">[16]\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn17\">[17] International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.files.ethz.ch\/isn\/110428\/green-box-web-1.pdf\">Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box: Ensuring Coherence with Sustainable Development Goals<\/a>, Information note no. 16th September 2009.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn18\">[18]\u00a0Tony Weiss, The Global Food Economy: The Battle for the Future of Farming, Zed books, 2007, pp. 24-28.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn19\">[19] Of the emerging economies, Brazil, South Africa and Ukraine generally support agriculture at levels well below the OECD average, while support in China is approaching the OECD average. In Russia, farm support now exceeds the OECD average. However, support is generally much lower in other developing countries. See: OECD, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/2011\/09\/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2011_g1g12e88.html\">Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2011: OECD Countries and Emerging Economies<\/a>, September 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn20\">[20]\u00a0Figures represent an average of cuts over the period 2012-2016. See: Public Citizen, the Heartland Institute, Friends of the Earth, and Taxpayers for Common Sense,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rstreet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Green_Scissors_2011-1.pdf\">Green Scissors 2011: Cutting Wasteful and Environmentally Harmful Spending<\/a>, August 2011, pp. 16-17.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn21\">[21]\u00a0Peoples&#8217; Food Sovereignty Statement, La Via Campesina and the People&#8217;s Food Sovereignty Network, 2006, &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nyeleni.org\/IMG\/pdf\/Peoples_Food_Sovereignty_Statement.pdf&gt;\">www.nyeleni.org\/IMG\/pdf\/Peoples_Food_Sovereignty_Statement.pdf&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn22\">[22]\u00a0See\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurovia.org\/?lang=en\">European Coordination Via Campesina<\/a>\u00a0(the European arm of the international small farmers movement, La Via Campesina), &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurovia.org\/?lang=en&gt;\">www.eurovia.org\/?lang=en&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn23\">[23]\u00a0Note: The estimated $374bn of annual agricultural subsidies in OECD countries includes a complex array of supports, such as direct payments to producers, transfers to consumers from tax payers, support for general services to agriculture, marketing, promotion and other types of less tangible subsidies. It is beyond the scope of this report to specify which of these individual subsidies should be reduced and which should be maintained. Such decisions should be the subject of national dialogue according to individual country needs and priorities, and should not be confined to the undemocratic negotiations within the WTO.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn24\">[24] Penny Fowler, <a href=\"https:\/\/policy-practice.oxfam.org\/resources\/milking-the-cap-how-europes-dairy-regime-is-devastating-livelihoods-in-the-deve-114549\/\">Milking the CAP: How Europe&#8217;s dairy regime is devastating livelihoods in the developing world<\/a>, Oxfam Briefing Paper 34, December 2002.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn25\">[25] Timothy A. Wise. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iatp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-05\/The%20Paradox%20of%20Agricultural%20Subsidies%20Measurement%2C%20Issues%2C%20Agricultural%20Dumping%2C%20and%20Policy%20Reform.pdf\">The Paradox of Agricultural Subsidies: Measurement Issues, Agricultural Dumping, and Policy Reform<\/a>, Global Development and Environment Institute Working Paper No. 04-02, May 2004.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn26\">[26]\u00a0Sabyasachi Mitra, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.networkideas.org\/news\/may2002\/news17_US_Farm_Bill_2002.htm\">US Farm Bill 2002: Its Implications for World Agricultural Markets<\/a>&#8216;, International Development Economics Association (IDEAS), 17th May 2002.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn27\">[27]\u00a0The Economist, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/11412562\">The farm bill: A harvest of disgrace<\/a>&#8216;, Washington D.C., 22nd May 2008.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn28\">[28]\u00a0Peter Rosset, Food is Different: Why We Must Get the WTO Out of Agriculture, Zed books, 2006, pp. 84-88.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn29\">[29]\u00a0ICTSD, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/ictsd.org\/i\/news\/bridgesweekly\/113559\/\">Farm Subsidies: Ballooning US Food Aid Pushes Total Support to New High<\/a>&#8216;, 7th September 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn30\">[30]\u00a0ICTSD, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/ictsd.org\/i\/news\/bridgesweekly\/99589\/\">EU Halves Production-Linked Farm Subsidies, But Delinked Support Jumps<\/a>&#8216;, 26th January 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn31\">[31]\u00a0Grey, Clark, Shih and Associates,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/forums_e\/ngo_e\/posp62_greenbox_e.pdf\">Green Box Mythology: The Decoupling Fraud<\/a>, Study Prepared for Dairy Farmers of Canada, June 2006.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn32\">[32]\u00a0Thomas Fritz, Globalising Hunger, op cit, pp. 46-48.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn33\">[33]\u00a0Martin Khor, \u2018The July failure of the WTO talks: Cause of collapse and prospects of revival&#8217;, Third World Resurgence no. 215, July 2008.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn34\">[34]\u00a0Environmental Working Group, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/ewg.org\/release\/despite-claims-reform-subsidy-band-marches\">Despite Claims of Reform, Subsidy Band Marches On Non-farmers, Urbanites Still Receiving Farm Subsidies<\/a>&#8216;, Press Release, 23rd June 2011, accessed October 2011, &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ewg.org&gt;;\">www.ewg.org&gt;;<\/a> Ben Lilliston, &#8216;What&#8217;s at Stake in the 2012 Farm Bill?&#8217;, Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, 28th March 2012, &lt;www.iatp.org&gt;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn35\">[35]\u00a0Daan Bauwens,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ipsnews.net\/newsTVE.asp?idnews=105513\">Agriculture Proposals \u2018Failing Development&#8217;<\/a>, Inter Press News, Brussels, 19th October 2011.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn36\">[36]\u00a0Thomas Fritz, Globalising Hunger, op cit, p. 4.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Image credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:African_Women_Sorting_their_produce_after_harvest.jpg\">Kabai Ken<\/a>, wikimedia commons<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rstreet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Green_Scissors_2011-1.pdf\">Cutting Wasteful and\u00a0Environmentally Harmful Spending<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\uff1a\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\uff13\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff16\u306f\u3001OECD\u8af8\u56fd\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u3078\u306e\u652f\u6301\u3092\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u56fd\u969b\u958b\u767a\u76ee\u6a19\u5145\u8db3\u3078\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u307e\u305f\u3088\u308a\u516c\u5e73\u3067\u3088\u308a\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u306b\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8fb2\u696d\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":21851,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"slim_seo":{"title":"\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u51fa\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30c83\uff086\uff09\uff1a\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u306e\u5ec3\u6b62 - 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