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href=\"#ftn4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u81a8\u3089\u307f\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u6b66\u529b\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5371\u967a\u306a\u307b\u3069\u8aa4\u308a\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3069\u306e\u56fd\u304c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u7528\u610f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ca7\u56f0\u306e\u8efd\u6e1b\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5e73\u548c\u3068\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u306e\u6d3b\u767a\u306a\u4fc3\u9032\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u751f\u547d\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u9632\u6b62\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u56fd\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3089\u3092\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5e83\u5927\u306a\u6e9d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c9\u30ca\u30fc\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6d77\u5916\u958b\u767a\u63f4\u52a9\u304c2011\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b1335\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u4f9b\u7d66\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u5bc4\u4ed8\u306f\u7dca\u6025\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u306f\u9065\u304b\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306e8\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u307e\u305b\u3093[\u3053\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u53c2\u7167]\u3002<a href=\"#ftn5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/share.in-site-dev.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/figure_5.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4>\u8aa4\u307e\u308a\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u652f\u51fa\u306e\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ffd\u52a0\u6b73\u51fa\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7d041200\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30012015\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u8ca7\u56f0\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6559\u80b2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30df\u30ec\u30cb\u30a2\u30e0\u958b\u767a\u76ee\u6a19\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306e7\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn6\">[6]<\/a> 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href=\"#ftn7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6b66\u5668\u7d1b\u4e89\u306f\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u56fd\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u306b\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b66\u5668\u3084\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u56fd\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u306e\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u5272\u5408\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u533b\u7642\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u516c\u8846\u885b\u751f\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u304b\u3089\u516c\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u8ee2\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3067\u7279\u306b\u8ad6\u8b70\u3092\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8ffd\u52a0\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u304c\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u4f4e\u6e1b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6697\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7279\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b89\u5b9a\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3088\u308a\u826f\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u308b\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e88\u7b97\u8d64\u5b57\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u7d4c\u6e08\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u3078\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5dee\u3057\u8feb\u3063\u305f\u4e88\u7b97\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u304b\u3089\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u8ee2\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u6839\u672c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3084\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3068\u3044\u3046\u56fd\u6c11\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u96c7\u7528\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u898b\u65b9\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u306f\u3001\u5927\u65b9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u6697\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3001\u533b\u7642\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u308c\u308b10\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u304c\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u308a &#8211; \u3055\u3089\u306b\u9ad8\u8cea\u3067\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u898b\u8fd4\u308a\u306e\u3042\u308b &#8211; \u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u751f\u3080\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f [see figure 2]\u3002<a href=\"#ftn9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>\u7d4c\u6e08\u5e73\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/em>\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3079\u3064\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u6226\u4e89\u3068\u305d\u308c\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u751f\u307f\u3060\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6c38\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u610f\u898b\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u904e\u53bb70\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u304c\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u305f5\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u8abf\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6226\u4e89\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u305f\u9ad8\u3044\u51fa\u8cbb\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306f\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u77ed\u671f\u9593\u3067\u5e7e\u3089\u304b\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u751f\u3080\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u516c\u7684\u50b5\u52d9\u3084\u8ab2\u7a0e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3001GDP\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u305f\u5272\u5408\u3092\u5360\u3081\u308b\u6295\u8cc7\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9032\u884c\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u306a\u3069\u3001\u4e88\u671f\u305b\u306c\u826f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u5bb3\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/share.in-site-dev.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/figure_6.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4>\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/em>\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ac\u30cb\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u7d1b\u4e89\u3092\u7d42\u7d50\u3055\u305b\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u8ecd\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3057\u3001\u6642\u4ee3\u9045\u308c\u3067\u7121\u99c4\u306e\u591a\u3044\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4e88\u7b97\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u6b73\u51fa\u524a\u6e1b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3082\u30012520\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<a href=\"#ftn11\">[11]<\/a> 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href=\"#ftn12\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5175\u5668\u3078\u306e\u652f\u51fa\u524a\u6e1b\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u9069\u3057\u305f\u3082\u3046\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4e88\u7b97\u30a8\u30ea\u30a2\u3067\u3059\u30021968\u5e74\u306e\u5236\u5b9a\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u6838\u62e1\u6563\u9632\u6b62\u6761\u7d04\uff08NPT\uff09\u3078\u306e\u304a\u3088\u305d\u666e\u904d\u7684\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6838\u8ecd\u7e2e\u306e\u9032\u5c55\u306f\u50c5\u304b\u306a\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u3001\u30d1\u30ad\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u3001\u5317\u671d\u9bae\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u304cNPT\u306b\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6761\u7d04\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u306b\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u6838\u5175\u5668\u3092\u6240\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u3067\u9ad8\u984d\u306a\u5175\u5668\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3001\u8cfc\u8cb7\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u30022010\u5e74\u306e\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u6838\u5175\u5668\u3078\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306f\u304a\u3088\u305d310\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3068\u9ad8\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u306f\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3067\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3001\u6838\u5175\u5668\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u56fd\u306e\u7dcf\u984d\u306f910\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u56fd\u304c\u4eca\u5f8c10\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u6838\u5175\u5668\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u63f4\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30821\u5146\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3068\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u306e4\u5206\u306e1\u3092\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u304b\u3089\u8ee2\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u751f\u547d\u3092\u6551\u3044\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5b89\u5168\u306b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5e74\u95934\u51463450\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u914d\u5f53\u91d1\u3092\u751f\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u524a\u6e1b\u3068\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u56fd\u5bb6\u306f\u8ecd\u9700\u7523\u696d\u304c\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u632f\u308b\u3046\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3092\u6b62\u3081 [see box]\uff1b\u6838\u5175\u5668\u3092\u64a4\u5ec3\u3057\uff1b\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u56fd\u969b\u6b66\u5668\u8cbf\u6613\u6761\u7d04\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\uff1b\u7d1b\u4e89\u591a\u767a\u56fd\u304c\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3057\uff1b\u305d\u3057\u3066<em>\u56fd\u9023\u5e73\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c40<\/em>\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u304f\u56fd\u969b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u5354\u529b\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3001\u6b66\u529b\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u5e73\u548c\u3068\u5b89\u5168\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u7570\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3084\u308a\u65b9\u3092\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u6642\u304c\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u8ca7\u56f0\u3084\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u56fd\u969b\u5e73\u548c\u3084\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u306b\u7a81\u304d\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5927\u5909\u73fe\u5b9f\u7684\u306a\u8105\u5a01\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u5e38\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5371\u967a\u6027\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u308c\u308b\u83ab\u5927\u306a\u8ca1\u6e90\u304c\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5f37\u5236\u9000\u53bb\u3001\u82e6\u3057\u307f\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6b7b\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u767a\u5c55\u3078\u3068\u8ee2\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8ce2\u660e\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00a6d6; font-size: 1.4em;\">\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6b73\u5165\u304c\u52d5\u54e1\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u308b\u304b<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306e\u307b\u3093\u306e\u50c5\u304b\u306a\u524a\u6e1b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3084\u8ca7\u56f0\u6839\u7d76\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u76f8\u5f53\u306a\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u914d\u5f53\u91d1\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8ee2\u7528\u91d1\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5727\u5012\u7684\u306b\u6700\u5927\u3067\u968f\u4e00\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u5bb6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3057\u305f\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u3092\u518d\u3073\u914d\u5217\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u5e73\u548c\u56e3\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u7dca\u6025\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3078\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u308225\uff05\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u5411\u3051\u76f4\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3088\u308a\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u306e\u306a\u3044\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u8ad6\u70b9\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306f\u524a\u6e1b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306e25\uff05\u306e\u524a\u6e1b = \u5e74\u95934\u51463450\u5104\u30c9\u30eb<a href=\"#ftn16\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #00a6d6; font-size: 1.4em;\">\u975e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5316\u3078\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u30bd\u30d3\u30a8\u30c8\u9023\u90a6\u5d29\u58ca\u5f8c\u306e\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u5354\u529b\u306e\u65b0\u6642\u4ee3\u3078\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u51b7\u6226\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a29\u76ca\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u8aa4\u308a\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u300c\u5bfe\u30c6\u30ed\u6226\u4e89\u300d\u3078\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u53cd\u6226\u904b\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u3067\u30c7\u30e2\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u30a4\u30e9\u30af\u3092\u4fb5\u7565\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u305f2003\u5e74\u306b\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u4e0a\u753b\u671f\u7684\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u9054\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u516c\u8846\u6297\u8b70\u30c7\u30e2\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u6226\u4e89\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u3082\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u56e3\u4f53\u306f\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u5727\u529b\u3092\u304b\u3051\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306e\u5927\u5e45\u306a\u524a\u6e1b\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u5b9f\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5341\u5206\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn17\">[17]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7d71\u4e00\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u4e88\u7b97\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4efb\u52d9\u90e8\u968a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306e10\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u306e\u3042\u3089\u307e\u3057\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u300c\u6700\u3082\u4f4e\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u679c\u7269\u300d\u306e770\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn18\">[18]<\/a> 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href=\"#ftn\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u3084\u7d1b\u4e89\u3092\u7de9\u548c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u65b9\u7b56\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u9577\u3044\u9593\u56fd\u969b\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u88fd\u9020\u3084\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8af8\u5916\u56fd\u3067\u306e\u6b66\u5668\u306e\u8ca9\u58f2\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u7c73\u56fd\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8af8\u5916\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u5e38\u5175\u5668\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f38\u5165\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u8cbf\u6613\u3092\u6291\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e3b\u306a\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\u5206\u91ce\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn21\">[21]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5175\u5668\u306e\u62e1\u6563\u9632\u6b62\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5ec3\u7d76\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u5341\u5e74\u3082\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u304c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3082\u3046\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u30a2\u30c9\u30dc\u30ab\u30b7\u30fc\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u4e88\u7b97\u4e0a\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u7de9\u548c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u6838\u5175\u5668\u5ec3\u7d76\u56fd\u969b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6838\u5175\u5668\u4f01\u696d\u306b\u6295\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u95a2\u3092\u3084\u3081\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u306a\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30fb\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u652f\u6301\u3092\u52d5\u54e1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn23\">[23]<\/a> 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href=\"#ftn24\">[24]<\/a><\/p>\n<div><strong>\u5e73\u548c\u3078\u306e\u9053<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u56fd\u969b\u5e73\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u3078\u306e\u56fd\u9023\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u3001\u7d1b\u4e89\u5f8c\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3067\u7d1b\u4e89\u3068\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3082\u3046\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b3\u30da\u30f3\u30cf\u30fc\u30b2\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30b9\u30fb\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u8cbb\u7528\u4fbf\u76ca\u5206\u6790\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u306b\u6bce\u5e74\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u5c11\u984d\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u767a\u751f\u3092\u76f8\u5f53\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3055\u305b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u51fa\u8cbb\u3092\u524a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8cbb\u7528\u5bfe\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u6226\u4e89\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5e73\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u30a4\u30cb\u30b7\u30a2\u30c1\u30d6\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u308c\u308b\u984d\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u7a0b\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u652f\u51fa\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3082\u3057\u6cbb\u5b89\u90e8\u968a\u304c\u6700\u5584\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u9632\u6b62\u3068\u7d4c\u6e08\u6210\u9577\u306e\u4fc3\u9032\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u4e0a\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u306f\u5e73\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u306e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6700\u9ad839\u500d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u3068\u8457\u8005\u306f\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn26\">[26]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u616e\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u65b9\u7b56\u306f\u3001\u4e0d\u6cd5\u8cbf\u6613\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u7de0\u307e\u308a\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u5175\u5668\u306e\u8f38\u5165\u3068\u8f38\u51fa\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3067\u304d\u308b\u56fd\u969b<em>\u6b66\u5668\u8cbf\u6613\u6761\u7d04<\/em>\uff08ATT\uff09\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8ecd\u5099\u898f\u5236\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u63d0\u5531\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u6761\u7d04\u306f\u7d1b\u4e89\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4eba\u6a29\u3068\u56fd\u969b\u4eba\u9053\u6cd5\u306e\u9177\u3044\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3092\u717d\u308b\u6b66\u5668\u5f3e\u85ac\u8f38\u9001\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn27\">[27]<\/a> 6\u5e74\u9593\u9577\u5f15\u3044\u305f\u4ea4\u6e09\u5f8c\u30012012\u5e747\u6708\u306e\u56fd\u9023\u4f1a\u8b70\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066170\u30f6\u56fd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u6761\u7d04\u3092\u4ea4\u6e09\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u751f\u307f\u3060\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u30822012\u5e74\u672b\u306b\u56fd\u9023\u7dcf\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6cd5\u7684\u62d8\u675f\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6761\u7d04\u304c\u5408\u610f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5e0c\u671b\u306f\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn28\">[28]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-kerning: none;\">\u6b66\u529b\u7d1b\u4e89\u3068\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4e88\u7b97\u306e\u5927\u5e45\u306a\u524a\u6e1b\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u305b\u306d\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u89e3\u653e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ca1\u6e90\u306e\u5411\u3051\u76f4\u3057\u306f\u8ca7\u56f0\u6839\u7d76\u3078\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u4f9b\u7d66\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u52a0\u76df\u56fd\u304c\u5e73\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c40\u306b\u652f\u6255\u308f\u306d\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304420\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u56fd\u9023\u306b\u5373\u63d0\u4f9b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn29\">[29]<\/a> 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href=\"#ftn30\">[30]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u304f\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u56e0\u306f\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u5e0c\u5c11\u6027\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306a\u5927\u56fd\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6d77\u5916\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u8cc7\u7523\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u306a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u30011945\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3067\u512a\u5148\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u306e38\u30f6\u56fd\u3067662\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u3092\u516c\u5f0f\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\uff08\u975e\u516c\u5f0f\u306e\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u306f\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u5927\u304d\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\uff09\u3001<a href=\"#ftn31\">[31]<\/a> 2011\u5e74\u3060\u3051\u3067\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u5185\u7dcf\u751f\u7523\u3088\u308a\u591a\u984d\u306a7110\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u5e73\u548c\u3068\u4e16\u754c\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u6559\u6388\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fbT\u30fb\u30af\u30ec\u30a2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f9b\u7d66\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u3044\u610f\u5fd7\u307b\u3069\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u6df1\u3044\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u6226\u7565\u76ee\u6a19\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u51b7\u6226\u7d42\u7d50\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u304a\u3088\u305d\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u7d4c\u6e08\u3068\u8cc7\u6e90\u3078\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6226\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u7af6\u4e89\u304c\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u306e\u50be\u5411\u3068\u884c\u4f7f\u306e\u80cc\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u652f\u914d\u539f\u7406\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u60c5\u52e2\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"#ftn33\">[33]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>\u8ecd\u7523\u8907\u5408\u4f53<\/b><\/p>\n<p>1961\u5e74\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6f14\u8aac\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3001\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u9593\u306e\u5a01\u5727\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u8b66\u544a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u300c\u8ecd\u7523\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u30a2\u30a4\u30bc\u30f3\u30cf\u30ef\u30fc\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4f01\u696d\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u300c\u8ecd\u7523\u8b70\u4f1a\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u89e3\u8aac\u8005\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u771f\u5263\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u8005\u306a\u3089\u3001\u6226\u4e89\u304c\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u3082\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306f\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6b66\u5668\u8f38\u51fa\u56fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u751f\u7523\u56fd\u3001\u51fa\u8cbb\u56fd\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u96c7\u7528\u4e3b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u3001\u30d1\u30ef\u30d5\u30eb\u306a\u5546\u696d\u5316\u52e2\u529b\u306e\u8981\u585e\u304c\u7d4c\u6e08\u5927\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u652f\u914d\u3057\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u6fc0\u5316\u3059\u308b\u653b\u6483\u3068\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5192\u967a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u653f\u5e9c\u3092\u62bc\u3057\u3084\u308a\u307e\u3059\u30022003\u5e74\u306e\u7c73\u56fd\u4e3b\u5c0e\u306e\u30a4\u30e9\u30af\u4fb5\u653b\u306f\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u90fd\u5408\u306e\u826f\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u56fd\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u6cd5\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6700\u3082\u751a\u3060\u3057\u3044\u4f8b\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6570\u30f6\u6708\u3082\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3046\u3061\u306b\u6c11\u9593\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5951\u7d04\u696d\u8005\u304c\u897f\u5074\u8af8\u56fd\u306e\u6226\u4e89\u306b\u5927\u5909\u6df1\u304f\u5165\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u30da\u30f3\u30bf\u30b4\u30f3\u306e\u6b21\u306b\u9023\u5408\u8ecd\u3078\u306e2\u756a\u76ee\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\u8005\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6c11\u9593\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u30a2\u30d6\u30b0\u30ec\u30a4\u30d6\u5211\u52d9\u6240\u3067\u306e\u6355\u865c\u8650\u5f85\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30c0\u30eb\u306a\u3069\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u6700\u3082\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u547c\u3076\u5074\u9762\u306b\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u5074\u9762\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u4f59\u6ce2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u4f01\u696d\u3078\u306e\u65b0\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u958b\u653e\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30ea\u30bc\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30a4\u30c7\u30aa\u30ed\u30ae\u30fc\u7684\u8a08\u7565\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u5316\u300d\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e83\u304f\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u6700\u5f37\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u5927\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u95a2\u5fc3\u3068\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3078\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u8868\u88cf\u4e00\u4f53\u3068\u898b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30e9\u30af\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u6cd5\u3092\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u56fd\u6709\u4e8b\u696d\u4f53\u306f\u6025\u901f\u306b\u6c11\u55b6\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u4e8b\u696d\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7269\u8cc7\u3001\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u5287\u7684\u306a\u6d41\u51fa\u5165\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8cbf\u6613\u898f\u5236\u304c\u4e00\u6642\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"#ftn34\">[34]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u4e21\u65b9\u3067\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u306e\u5dee &#8211; \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u5316\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u9a5a\u7570 &#8211; \u304c\u5148\u9032\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30c6\u30ed\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u6247\u52d5\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3001\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u304a\u3088\u3073\u904e\u6fc0\u6d3e\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u7406\u7531\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u666f\u6c17\u4f4e\u8ff7\u306e\u624b\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6700\u4e0b\u5c6410\uff05\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u8cfc\u8cb7\u529b\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u7d043\u5206\u306e2\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u304a\u3088\u305d\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6226\u4e89\u3001\u6b66\u88c5\u95d8\u4e89\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7570\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5206\u6d3e\u9593\u306e\u885d\u7a81\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u7d4c\u6e08\u3078\u3068\u5e30\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u300221\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3001\u5bcc\u3068\u6a29\u529b\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u7af6\u4e89\u306e\u9053\u3092\u9032\u307f\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u3088\u308a\u5354\u529b\u7684\u306b\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306e\u4eba\u6a29\u3068\u3057\u3066\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8cb7\u53ce\u3084\u6b66\u529b\u884c\u4f7f\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3080\u3057\u308d\u56fd\u969b\u5354\u529b\u3068\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6226\u7565\u306f\u3001\u7d1b\u4e89\u306e\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u6226\u4e89\u3078\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5287\u7684\u306b\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"blockquote\"><span style=\"color: #00a6d6; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 1.4em;\">\u3055\u3089\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3088\u3046<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk\/\">Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT)<\/a>: A UK-based campaign to end the deadly and corrupt business of the international arms trade. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.caat.org.uk&gt;\">www.caat.org.uk&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnduk.org\/home\">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament<\/a>: Working to secure an international Nuclear Weapons Convention which will ban nuclear weapons globally, among many other campaigns. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnduk.org&gt;\">www.cnduk.org&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/controlarms.org\">Control Arms<\/a>:\u00a0A global civil society alliance campaigning for an international legally-binding Arms Trade Treaty that will stop transfers of arms and ammunitions that fuel conflict, poverty and serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.controlarms.org&gt;\">www.controlarms.org&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/demilitarize.org\/\">Demilitarize.org<\/a>: Website resources and organizing for the annual Global Day of Action on Military Spending that coincides with the release of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute&#8217;s (SIPRI) new annual figures on world military expenditures. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.demilitarize.org&gt;\">www.demilitarize.org&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/books.zcommunications.org\/chomsky\/dd\/dd-overview.html\">Deterring Democracy<\/a>: An online book by Noam Chomsky on the differences between the humanitarian rhetoric and imperialistic reality of United States foreign policy and how it affects various countries around the world. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.books.zcommunications.org\/chomsky\/dd\/dd-overview.html&gt;\">www.books.zcommunications.org\/chomsky\/dd\/dd-overview.html&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/epsusa.org\">Economists for Peace and Security<\/a>: An international network of organizations promoting economic analysis and appropriate action for peace, security and the world economy. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.epsusa.org&gt;\">www.epsusa.org&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/smallarmssurvey.org\/resource\/global-burden-armed-violence\">Global Burden of Armed Violence report<\/a>: Published in Switzerland by the Geneva Declaration Secretaria in 2008 to provide comprehensive, reliable, and up-to-date data on international trends and patterns of armed violence. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.genevadeclaration.org\/measurability\/global-burden-of-armed-violence.html&gt;\">www.genevadeclaration.org\/measurability\/global-burden-of-armed-violence&#8230;.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.visionofhumanity.org\/info-center\/global-peace-index-2011\/\">Global Peace Index 2011<\/a>: The world&#8217;s leading measure of global peacefulness, produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace. It gauges ongoing domestic and international conflict, safety and security in society, and militarisation in 153 countries by taking into account 23 separate indicators. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.visionofhumanity.org\/info-center\/global-peace-index-2011&gt;\">www.visionofhumanity.org\/info-center\/global-peace-index-2011&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.visionofhumanity.org\/gpi-data\/#\/2011\/scor\">Global Peace Index Map<\/a>: a table of the &#8216;states of peace&#8217;, with an interactive map of GPI-ranked countries from 2007-2011. Provided by Vision of Humanity. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.visionofhumanity.org\/gpi-data\/#\/2011\/scor&gt;\">www.visionofhumanity.org\/gpi-data\/#\/2011\/scor&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalzero.org\/index.html\">Global Zero<\/a>: The international movement for the elimination of all nuclear weapons, launched in 2008 with more than 400,000 supporters worldwide. See their acclaimed documentary film, Countdown to Zero. &lt;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalzero.org\/index.html\">www.globalzero.org\/en<\/a>&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/No-Nonsense-Guide-Arms-Trade-Guides\/dp\/1906523177\">No-Nonsense Guide to the Arms Trade<\/a>: An accessible history of the arms trade, including information on recent controversial deals as well as case studies on Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Darfur. Written by Nicholas Gilby for the New Internationalist, 2009.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peaceaction.org\">Peace Action<\/a>: A US-based grassroots organization committed to organizing a citizen movement around a vision of world peace. &lt;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peaceaction.org\">www.peaceaction.org<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.peace-action.org&gt;\">&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute<\/a>: An independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sipri.org\">www.sipri.org<\/a>&gt;<\/p>\n<p>The &#8217;25 Percent Campaign: A coalition of community and peace groups in eastern Massachusetts, USA, who campaign to fund jobs and community needs by cutting total military spending by 25%. &lt;www.25percentsolution.com&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/peacebuilding\/commission\">The United Nations Peacebuilding Commission<\/a>: Established in 2006 as an intergovernmental advisory to support peace efforts in countries emerging from conflict, and as a key addition to the capacity of the International Community in the broad peace agenda. &lt;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/peacebuilding\/commission\">www.un.org\/en\/peacebuilding<\/a>&gt;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri-irg.org\/\">War Resister&#8217;s International<\/a>: Promotes nonviolent action against the causes of war, and supports and connects people around the world who refuse to take part in war or the preparation of war. &lt;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/wri-irg.org\/en\">www.wri-irg.org<\/a>&gt;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u91c8\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"ftn1\">[1]\u00a0See the Military Expenditure Database at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), &lt;milexdata.sipri.org\/&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">[2] Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2016-03\/SIPRIYB12Summary.pdf\">SIPRI Yearbook 2012: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security<\/a>, Summary, 2012.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn3\">[3] SIPRI, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/FS\/SIPRIFS1304.pdf\">Recent trends in military expenditure, April 2012<\/a>, April 2012, &lt;https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/FS\/SIPRIFS1304.pdf&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn4\">[4] SIPRI, Recent trends in military expenditure, op cit; SIPRI, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/media\/press-release\/2012\/world-military-spending-levels-out-after-13-years-increases-says-sipri\">&#8216;World military spending levels out after 13 years of increases, says SIPRI&#8217;<\/a>, press release, 17th April 2012.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn5\">[5]\u00a0See section in this report on Official Development Assistance (ODA).<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn6\">[6]\u00a0Vararat Atisophon et al,\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2011\/12\/revisiting-mdg-cost-estimates-from-a-domestic-resource-mobilisation-perspective_g17a2095\/5k9h6vwx0nmr-en.pdf\">Revisiting MDG Cost Estimates from a Domestic Resource Mobilisation Perspective<\/a>, OECD, Working Paper No. 306, January 2012, see table 1, p. 12.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn7\">[7]\u00a0Global Policy Forum,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/images\/pdfs\/The_UN_Finance_in_Comparative_Perspective.pdf\">UN Finance in Comparative Perspective<\/a>, March 2011, &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org&gt;\">www.globalpolicy.org&gt;<\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn8\">[8] Paul Collier, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epsjournal.org.uk\/index.php\/EPSJ\/article\/view\/13\">War and military expenditure in developing countries and their consequences for development<\/a>, The Economics of Peace and Security Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2006; see also Paul Collier, Lisa Chauvet and Haavard Hegre,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.epsjournal.org.uk\/pdfs\/eps_v1n1_collier.pdf\">The Security Challenge in Conflict-Prone Countries<\/a>, Copenhagen Consensus 2008 Challenge Paper, April 2008, &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.epsjournal.org.uk&gt;\">www.epsjournal.org.uk&gt;<\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn9\">[9]\u00a0Robert Pollin and Heidi Garrett-Peltier,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/fileadmin\/pdf\/published_study\/PERI_military_spending_2011.pdf\">The US Employment Effects of Military and Domestic Spending Priorities: 2011 Update<\/a>, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts, p. 5.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn10\">[10]\u00a0Institute of Economics &amp; Peace,\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.economicsandpeace.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/The-Economic-Consequences-of-War-on-US-Economy_0.pdf\">Economic Consequences of War on the US Economy<\/a>, February 2012, &lt;www.visionofhumanity.org&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn11\">[11]\u00a0Sarah Anderson, John Cavanagh et al,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ips-dc.org\/reports\/america_is_not_broke\">America is not Broke: How to Pay for the Crisis While Making the Country More Equitable, Green, and Secure<\/a>, Institute of Policy Studies, November 2011.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn12\">[12]\u00a0Linda Bilmes, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/news-events\/commentary\/what-we-learned-iraq\">What Have We Learned From Iraq?<\/a>&#8216;, Boston Globe, 7th December 2011.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn13\">[13]\u00a0Bruce G. Blair &amp; Matthew A. Brown,\u00a0World spending on nuclear weapons surpasses $1tn per decade, Global Zero Technical Report, Nuclear Weapons Cost Study, June 2011.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn14\">[14]\u00a0Calculation based on a quarter of the figure of $1,738bn spent on the military worldwide in 2011. See SIPRI Yearbook 2012, op cit.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn15\">[15]\u00a0For example, see the International Institute for Sustainable Development (iisd), Environment, Conflict and Peacebuilding, Climate Change and Security &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iisd.org\/ecp\/es\/climate&gt;;\">www.iisd.org\/ecp\/es\/climate&gt;;<\/a> Susan E. Rice, \u2018<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/20060401.pdf\">The Threat of Global Poverty<\/a>&#8216;, The National Interest, Spring 2006.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn16\">[16]\u00a0Calculations based on the figure of $1,738bn spent on the military worldwide in 2011. See: SIPRI, Recent trends in military expenditure, op cit.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn17\">[17]\u00a0People in 40 countries and more than 100 cities around the world participated in the second annual Global Day of Action on Military Spending on 17th April 2012. See: Global Day of Action on Military Spending, GDAMS 2.0 Call to Action!, &lt;demilitarize.org\/general\/engdams-20-call-action&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn18\">[18]\u00a0Lawrence Korb and Miriam Pemberton,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ips-dc.org\/reports\/unified_security_budget_fy2012\">Report of the Task Force on a Unified Security Budget for the United States<\/a>, Institute for Policy Studies, June 2007.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn19\">[19]\u00a0Figure based on the latest SIPRI figures for US military spending, at $711,421m. See the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, &lt;milexdata.sipri.org&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn20\">[20]\u00a0The 25 percent campaign,\u00a0Fund Our Communities, Reduce Military Spending 25 percent campaign, www.25percentsolution.org<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn21\">[21]\u00a0Richard F. Grimmett,\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iranwatch.org\/sites\/default\/files\/us-crs-conventionalarmstransfers-091010.pdf\">Conve ntional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2002-2009<\/a>, Congressional Research Service, 10th September 2010.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn22\">[22]\u00a0For example, see Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnduk.org\/about\/item\/1177\">Cut Trident Not Public Services<\/a>, Accessed October 2011, &lt;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/cnduk.org\">www.cnduk.org<\/a>&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn23\">[23]\u00a0Jan Willem van Gelder et al,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dontbankonthebomb.com\/\">Don&#8217;t Bank on the Bombs: A global report on the financing of nuclear weapons producers<\/a>, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, March 2012.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn24\">[24] Nenne Bodell, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/SIPRIYB2010AnA.pdf\">Annex A. Arms control and disarmament agreements<\/a>, in SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, June 2010; United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/146940\">Multilateral Arms Regulation and Disarmament Agreements<\/a>, Accessed October 2011, &lt;http:\/\/unhq-appspub-01.un.org\/UNODA\/TreatyStatus.nsf&gt;;\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.unoda.org\/publications\/disarmament-yearbook-volume-35-part-ii-2010\">The United Nations Disarmament Yearbook<\/a>, Volume 35 (Part II): 2010, Office for Disarmament Affairs, New York, 2011.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn25\">[25]\u00a0Paul Collier, Lisa Chauvet and Haavard Hegre,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.copenhagenconsensus.com\/Default.aspx?ID=1145\">The Security Challenge in Conflict-Prone Countries<\/a>, Copenhagen Consensus 2008 Challenge Paper, April 2008, p. 4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn26\">[26]\u00a0Paul Collier and Bj\u00f8rn Lomborg, \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.project-syndicate.org\/commentary\/collierp1\/English\">Does Military Intervention Work?<\/a>&#8216;, Project Syndicate, 30th April 2008.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn27\">[27] See: <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/controlarms.org\">Control Arms<\/a>, a global civil society alliance campaigning for an effective Arms Trade Treaty. &lt;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/controlarms.org\">www.controlarms.org<\/a>&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn28\">[28]\u00a0United Nations, Arms Trade Treaty,\u00a0 Preparatory Committee, &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ATTPrepCom&gt;;\">www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ATTPrepCom&gt;;<\/a> see also &lt;www.controlarms.org&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn29\">[29]\u00a0Global Policy Forum,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/images\/pdfs\/US_vs._Total_Debt_May_11.pdf\">US vs. Total Debt to the UN: 2011<\/a>, Accessed October 2011, &lt;http:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/images\/pdfs\/US_vs._Total_Debt_May_11.pdf&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn30\">[30]\u00a0J. W. Smith, The World&#8217;s Wasted Wealth 2: Save Our Wealth, Save Our Environment, Institute for Economic Democracy, 1994.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn31\">[31]\u00a0US Department of Defence, Base Structure Report Fiscal Year 2010 Baseline, 2010. Note that unofficial estimates are far higher; see Nick Turse, \u2018Empire of bases 2.0&#8242;, Asia Times, 12th January 2011.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn32\">[32]\u00a0See the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, &lt;milexdata.sipri.org&gt;<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn33\">[33]\u00a0Michael T. Klare. Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict, Henry Holt, New York: 2001.<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn34\">[34]\u00a0Antonia Juhasz,\u00a0The Economic Colonization of Iraq: Illegal and Immoral, Testimony to the World Tribunal on Iraq, International Forum on Globalization, New York, 8th May 2004.<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Image credit: <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/green-and-brown-battle-tank-uwWz9ecFWas\">Simon Infanger<\/a>, Unsplash<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u878d\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3053\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u56fd\u5185\u53ca\u3073\u5730\u7403\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u6b66\u529b\u7d1b\u4e89\u3084\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u3078\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u308c\u308b\u83ab\u5927\u306a\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u3069\u3046\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u8ee2\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":21739,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"slim_seo":{"title":"\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u51fa\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\uff13\uff1a\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306e\u8ee2\u7528 - Share the Worlds Resources","description":"\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3044\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u878d\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3053\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u56fd\u5185\u53ca\u3073\u5730\u7403\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u6b66\u529b\u7d1b\u4e89\u3084\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u3078\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8cbb\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3055\u308c\u308b\u83ab\u5927\u306a\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u3069\u3046\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u8ee2\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002"}},"add-to-page-listing":[],"alternative-language":[],"hide-post":[],"topic":[39,36],"coauthors":[43],"class_list":["post-5552","report","type-report","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","topic-war-and-conflict-ja","topic-new-economic-paradigms-ja"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/report\/5552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/report"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/report"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"add-to-page-listing","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/add-to-page-listing?post=5552"},{"taxonomy":"alternative-language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/alternative-language?post=5552"},{"taxonomy":"hide-post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hide-post?post=5552"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=5552"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharing.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}